David Kao, MD

Professional Titles

• Associate Professor
• Medical Director
• Medical Director

Recognitions

• Jacqueline Marie Schauble Leaffer Endowed Chair in Women’s Heart Disease, Ludeman Family Center for Women's Health Research (2024)
• Big Data Analysis Challenge: Creating New Paradigms for Heart Failure Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (2020)
  This Challenge seeks to foster innovation and address the need for new, open-source disease models that can define sub-categorizations of adult heart failure. These models will support new research hypotheses that may lead to further advancements in the management of this disorder.

Research Interests

Publications

• Shalowitz EL, Jhund P, Psotka M, Sharma A, Dimond M, Martyn T, Nkulikiyinka R, Fiuzat M, Kao DP. Where’s the remote? Failure to report clinical workflows in heart failure remote monitoring studies. J Card Fail. 2024
• Heart rate reduction produces left ventricular structural, functional, and molecular remodeling in dilated cardiomyopathy. Circulation HF. 2025 [in press]
• Gupta P, Brinza E, Khazanie P, Peterson PN, Ho PM, Kao DP. Forecasting heart failure: Seasonal alignment of heart failure outcomes in New York. ESC Heart Fail. 2024 Nov 16. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 39549264
• Bosic-Reiniger J, Martin JL, Brown KE, Anderson HD, Blackburn H, Kao DP, Trinkley KE, Woodahl EL, Aquilante CL. Barriers and facilitators of the use of clinical informatics resources to facilitate pharmacogenomic implementation in resource-limited settings. JAMIA Open. 2024 Dec;7(4):ooae101. PubMed PMID: 39399271
• DeCamp M, Kao D. Adaptive Machine Learning as Research: Does the Cure Fit the Disease?. Am J Bioeth. 2024 Oct;24(10):70-72. PubMed PMID: 39283395
• Segar MW, Usman MS, Patel KV, Khan MS, Butler J, Manjunath L, Lam CSP, Verma S, Willett D, Kao D, Januzzi JL, Pandey A. Development and validation of a machine learning-based approach to identify high-risk diabetic cardiomyopathy phenotype. Eur J Heart Fail. 2024 Oct;26(10):2183-2192. PubMed PMID: 39240129
• Goldberg E, Kao D, Kwan B, Patel H, Hassell A, Zane R. UCHealth's virtual health center: How Colorado's largest health system creates and integrates technology into patient care. NPJ Digit Med. 2024 Jul 11;7(1):187. PubMed PMID: 38992097
• Hyson PR, Kao DP. Biomarkers Correspond with Echocardiographic Phenotypes in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Secondary Analysis of the RELAX Trial. medRxiv. 2024 May 2. PubMed PMID: 38746117
• Aquilante CL, Trinkley KE, Lee YM, Crooks KR, Hearst EC, Heckman SM, Hess KW, Kudron EL, Martin JL, Swartz CT, Kao DP. Implementation of clopidogrel pharmacogenetic clinical decision support for a preemptive return of results program. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2024 Jun 11;81(12):555-562. PubMed PMID: 38253063
• Wiley LK, Shortt JA, Roberts ER, Lowery J, Kudron E, Lin M, Mayer D, Wilson M, Brunetti TM, Chavan S, Phang TL, Pozdeyev N, Lesny J, Wicks SJ, Moore ET, Morgenstern JL, Roff AN, Shalowitz EL, Stewart A, Williams C, Edelmann MN, Hull M, Patton JT, Axell L, Ku L, Lee YM, Jirikowic J, Tanaka A, Todd E, White S, Peterson B, Hearst E, Zane R, Greene CS, Mathias R, Coors M, Taylor M, Ghosh D, Kahn MG, Brooks IM, Aquilante CL, Kao D, Rafaels N, Crooks KR, Hess S, Barnes KC, Gignoux CR. Building a vertically integrated genomic learning health system: The biobank at the Colorado Center for Personalized Medicine. Am J Hum Genet. 2024 Jan 4;111(1):11-23. PubMed PMID: 38181729
• Kao DP, Martin JL, Aquilante CL, Shalowitz EL, Leyba K, Kudron E, Reusch JEB, Regensteinter JG. Sex-differences in reporting of statin-associated diabetes mellitus to the US Food and Drug Administration. BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care. 2024. [in press].
• Leyba K, Kao D. Relationship status is associated with sex differences in social and health-seeking behaviors among heart failure patients. American Heart Association Scientific Sessions. November 16-18, 2024
• Kudron E, Shalowitz E, Martin JL, Colorado Center for Personalized Medicine, Kao DP. Utilizing web analytics to assess patient engagement and prioritize educational targets for population-scale biobanks. American Society of Human Genetics Annual Meeting, November 5-9, 2024
• Shalowitz E, McIntyre M, Jones S, Koffenberger D, Kudron E, Kao DP, The Colorado Center for Personalized Medicine. Efficient Inquiry Management in Expanding Biobanks: Balancing Growth and Support. American Society of Human Genetics Annual Meeting, November 5-9, 2024
• McDaniel NL, Martin JL, Crooks KR, Hansen A, Hearst EC, Hess KW, Johnson N, Kao DP, Kudron EL, Lee YM, Shalowitz EL, Swartz C, Trinkley KE,Vandenberg S, The Colorado Center for Personalized Medicine, Aquilante CL. Preemptive return of pharmacogenetic results from a population biobank: enhancing patient safety through utironous surveillance of high-risk medications. American Society of Human Genetics Annual Meeting, November 5-9, 2024
• Tanaka A, Hearst EC, Martin JL, Hess KW, Casteel E, Green CS, Jones S, Kao DP, Koffenberger D, Shalowitz EL, Aquilante C. Catalyzing biobank expansion: Empowering clinical staff champions to amplify biospecimen collections for a population-scale biobank. American Society of Human Genetics Annual Meeting, November 5-9, 2024
• McDaniel NL, Lee YM, Lee B, Martin JL, Kao DP, Kudron EL, Shalowitz EL, Aquilante CL. Participant and provider inquiries associated with return of preemptive pharmacogenomic results from a population-scale biobank. Pharmacogenomics Research Network Annual Meeting. September 23-25, 2024
• Martin JL, Crooks KR, Greene CS, Hansen A, Hearst EC, Hess KW, Johnson N, Kao DP, Kudron EL, Lee YM, McDaniel NL, Rafaels N, Shalowitz EL, Swartz, Tanaka Anna, Trinkley, Vanderberg S, Aquilante CL. Preemptive return of clinical pharmacogenomic results to over 50,000 individuals in a population-scale biobank: phenotype and actionable medication exposure characteristics. Pharmacogenomics Research Network Annual Meeting. September 23-25, 2024
• Radwan A, Roeder C, Kao DP, Anderson HD, Martin JL, Woodahl EL, Aquilante CL. Evaluation of Outpatient Pharmacogenomic Medication Prescribing Patterns in Relation to Community-Level Social Determinants of Health. Pharmacogenomics Research Network Annual Meeting. September 23-25, 2024
• Leyba K, Martin J, Aquilante C, Shalowitz E, Kudron EK Reusch J, Regensteiner J, Kao DP. Sex differences in reporting of statin-associated diabetes mellitus to the US Food and Drug Administration. European Society of Cardiology Congress 2024 August 31, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehae666.2866
• Leyba K, Roeder CR, Görg C, Jhund P, Kao DP. Latent class analysis reveals a novel phenotype of heart failure that spans the left ventricular ejection fraction. European Society of Cardiology Congress 2024 August 30, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehae666.758.
• Hearst EC, Martin JL, Crooks KR, Greene CS, Hess KW, Johnson N, Kao DP, Rafaels N, Carson K, Meguid CL, Taucher K, Davis SL, Lieu CH, Aquilante CL. The future is now: implementation of standard care, preemptive pharmacogenomic testing in patients with gastrointestinal cancers. American Society of Clinical Oncology May 31-June 4, 2024. J Clin Oncol. 2024;42(suppl 16):1546
• Shalowitz E, Kao DP. Elevation of patients hospitalized with heart failure: the sky’s the limit? European Society of Cardiology Heart Failure Association Congress. May 11-14, 2024. Eur J Heart Fail. 2024;26(Suppl S2):617
• Radwan A, Roeder C, Kao DP, Anderson HD, Martin JL, Woodahl EL, Aquilante CL. Evaluation of pharmacogenomic medication prescribing patterns in rural versus urban settings. American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Annual Meeting, March 27-29, 2024. Clin Pharm Thera. 2024;115(S1):PT-004
• Radwan A, Martin JL, Roeder C, Anderson HD, Hearst EC, Kao DP, Aquilante CL. Estimated prevalence of actionable exposures to pharmacogenetic supportive care medications among patients with gastrointestinal cancers. American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Annual Meeting, March 27-29, 2024 Clin Pharm Thera. 2024;115(S1):PII-076.
• Perspectives about the development and implementation of clinical decision support tools in rural and underserved communities. American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Annual Meeting, March 27-29, 2024. Clin Pharm Thera. 2024;115(S1):PII-082.
• Aquilante CL, Trinkley KE, Lee YM, Crooks KR, Hearst EC, Heckman SM, Hess KW, Kudron EL, Martin JL, Swartz CT, Kao DP. Implementation of clopidogrel pharmacogenetic clinical decision support for a preemptive return of results program. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2024 Jan 22. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 38253063
• Wiley LK, Shortt JA, Roberts ER, Lowery J, Kudron E, Lin M, Mayer D, Wilson M, Brunetti TM, Chavan S, Phang TL, Pozdeyev N, Lesny J, Wicks SJ, Moore ET, Morgenstern JL, Roff AN, Shalowitz EL, Stewart A, Williams C, Edelmann MN, Hull M, Patton JT, Axell L, Ku L, Lee YM, Jirikowic J, Tanaka A, Todd E, White S, Peterson B, Hearst E, Zane R, Greene CS, Mathias R, Coors M, Taylor M, Ghosh D, Kahn MG, Brooks IM, Aquilante CL, Kao D, Rafaels N, Crooks KR, Hess S, Barnes KC, Gignoux CR. Building a vertically integrated genomic learning health system: The biobank at the Colorado Center for Personalized Medicine. Am J Hum Genet. 2024 Jan 4;111(1):11-23. PubMed PMID: 38181729
• DeCamp M, Kao D. Adaptive Machine Learning as Research: Does the Cure Fit the Disease?. Am J Bioeth. 2024 Oct;24(10):70-72. PubMed PMID: 39283395
• Shalowitz EL, Jhund P, Psotka M, Sharma A, Dimond M, Martyn T, Nkulikiyinka R, Fiuzat M, Kao DP. Where's the remote? Failure to report clinical workflows in heart failure remote monitoring studies. J Card Fail. 2024 Dec 16. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 39694453
• Lowery JT, Axell L, Ku L, Todd EB, Kao D, Rafaels N, Taylor MRG, Kudron E, Wicks S, Jirikowic J, Shalowitz E, Crooks KR. Returning actionable genetic results to participants in the biobank at the Colorado Center for Personalized Medicine and UCHealth. Genet Med Open. 2024;2:101852. PubMed PMID: 39669600
• Kao DP, Martin JL, Aquilante CL, Shalowitz EL, Leyba K, Kudron E, Reusch JEB, Regensteiner JG. Sex-differences in reporting of statin-associated diabetes mellitus to the US Food and Drug Administration. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2024 Dec 5;12(6). PubMed PMID: 39638563
• Bianchini ML, Aquilante CL, Kao DP, Martin JL, Anderson HD. Patient-Level Exposure to Actionable Pharmacogenomic Medications in a Nationally Representative Insurance Claims Database. J Pers Med. 2023 Nov 3;13(11). PubMed PMID: 38003889
• Krantz MJ, Stockbridge N, Kao DP, Klein MG, Haigney MCP. Reply: Loperamide-Associated Ventricular Arrhythmias. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2023 Oct 24;82(17):e159. PubMed PMID: 37852701
• Trinkley KE, Wright G, Allen LA, Bennett TD, Glasgow RE, Hale G, Heckman S, Huebschmann AG, Kahn MG, Kao DP, Lin CT, Malone DC, Matlock DD, Wells L, Wysocki V, Zhang S, Suresh K. Sustained Effect of Clinical Decision Support for Heart Failure: A Natural Experiment Using Implementation Science. Appl Clin Inform. 2023 Oct;14(5):822-832. PubMed PMID: 37852249
• Tatman PD, Kao DP, Chatfield KC, Carroll IA, Wagner JA, Jonas ER, Sucharov CC, Port JD, Lowes BD, Minobe WA, Huebler SP, Karimpour-Fard A, Rodriguez EM, Liggett SB, Bristow MR. An extensive ß1-adrenergic receptor gene signaling network regulates molecular remodeling in dilated cardiomyopathies. JCI Insight. 2023 Aug 22;8(16). PubMed PMID: 37606047
• Kim R, Suresh K, Rosenberg MA, Tan MS, Malone DC, Allen LA, Kao DP, Anderson HD, Tiwari P, Trinkley KE. A machine learning evaluation of patient characteristics associated with prescribing of guideline-directed medical therapy for heart failure. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2023;10:1169574. PubMed PMID: 37416920
• Krantz MJ, Rudo TJ, Haigney MCP, Stockbridge N, Kleiman RB, Klein M, Kao DP. Ventricular Arrhythmias Associated With Over-the-Counter and Recreational Opioids. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2023 Jun 13;81(23):2258-2268. PubMed PMID: 37286256
• Ravindra NG, Kao DP. Extracting Vocal Biomarkers for Pulmonary Congestion With a Smartphone App. JACC Heart Fail. 2022 Jan;10(1):50-51. PubMed PMID: 34969497
• Kao D. Electronic health records and heart failure. Heart Fail Clin 2021;18(2):201-211.
• Kao DP. Electronic Health Records and Heart Failure. Heart Fail Clin. 2022 Apr;18(2):201-211. PubMed PMID: 35341535
• Anderson HD, Thant TM, Kao DP, Crooks KR, Mendola ND, Aquilante CL. Pharmacogenetic testing among patients with depression in a US managed care population. Clin Transl Sci. 2022 Jul;15(7):1644-1653. PubMed PMID: 35385214
• Ravindra NG, Kao DP. Extracting Vocal Biomarkers for Pulmonary Congestion With a Smartphone App. JACC Heart Fail. 2022 Jan;10(1):50-51. PubMed PMID: 34969497
• Cooney R, Scott JR, Mahowald M, Langen E, Sharma G, Kao DP, Davis MB. Heart rate as an early predictor of severe cardiomyopathy and increased mortality in peripartum cardiomyopathy. Clin Cardiol. 2022 Feb;45(2):205-213. PubMed PMID: 35129215
• Johnson RK, Marker KM, Mayer D, Shortt J, Kao D, Barnes KC, Lowery JT, Gignoux CR. COVID-19 Surveillance in the Biobank at the Colorado Center for Personalized Medicine: Observational Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill. 2022 Jun 13;8(6):e37327. PubMed PMID: 35486493
• Segar MW, Hall JL, Jhund PS, Powell-Wiley TM, Morris AA, Kao D, Fonarow GC, Hernandez R, Ibrahim NE, Rutan C, Navar AM, Stevens LM, Pandey A. Machine Learning-Based Models Incorporating Social Determinants of Health vs Traditional Models for Predicting In-Hospital Mortality in Patients With Heart Failure. JAMA Cardiol. 2022 Aug 1;7(8):844-854. PubMed PMID: 35793094
• Allen LA, Venechuk G, McIlvennan CK, Page RL 2nd, Knoepke CE, Helmkamp LJ, Khazanie P, Peterson PN, Pierce K, Harger G, Thompson JS, Dow TJ, Richards L, Huang J, Strader JR, Trinkley KE, Kao DP, Magid DJ, Buttrick PM, Matlock DD. An Electronically Delivered Patient-Activation Tool for Intensification of Medications for Chronic Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction: The EPIC-HF Trial. Circulation. 2021 Feb 2;143(5):427-437. PubMed PMID: 33201741
• Tillman AR, Colborn KL, Scott KA, Davidson AJ, Khanna A, Kao D, McKenzie L, Ong T, Rausch CM, Duca LM, Daley MF, Coleman S, Costa E 3rd, Fernie E, Crume TL. Associations Between Socioeconomic Context and Congenital Heart Disease Related Outcomes in Adolescents and Adults. Am J Cardiol. 2021 Jan 15;139:105-115. PubMed PMID: 33203514
• Anchouche K, Elharram M, Oulousian E, Razaghizad A, Avram R, Marquis-Gravel G, Randhawa VK, Nkulikiyinka R, Ni W, Fiuzat M, O'Connor C, Psotka MA, Fox J, Tyl B, Kao D, Sharma A. Use of Actigraphy (Wearable Digital Sensors to Monitor Activity) in Heart Failure Randomized Clinical Trials: A Scoping Review. Can J Cardiol. 2021 Sep;37(9):1438-1449. PubMed PMID: 34256087
• Konigsberg IR, Barnes B, Campbell M, Davidson E, Zhen Y, Pallisard O, Boorgula MP, Cox C, Nandy D, Seal S, Crooks K, Sticca E, Harrison GF, Hopkinson A, Vest A, Arnold CG, Kahn MG, Kao DP, Peterson BR, Wicks SJ, Ghosh D, Horvath S, Zhou W, Mathias RA, Norman PJ, Porecha R, Yang IV, Gignoux CR, Monte AA, Taye A, Barnes KC. Host methylation predicts SARS-CoV-2 infection and clinical outcome. Commun Med (London). 2021;1(1):42. PubMed PMID: 35072167
• Davis MB, Jarvie J, Gambahaya E, Lindenfeld J, Kao D. Risk Prediction for Peripartum Cardiomyopathy in Delivering Mothers: A Validated Risk Model: PPCM Risk Prediction Model. J Card Fail. 2021 Feb;27(2):159-167. PubMed PMID: 33388467
• Hicks JK, El Rouby N, Ong HH, Schildcrout JS, Ramsey LB, Shi Y, Anne Tang L, Aquilante CL, Beitelshees AL, Blake KV, Cimino JJ, Davis BH, Empey PE, Kao DP, Lemkin DL, Limdi NA, P Lipori G, Rosenman MB, Skaar TC, Teal E, Tuteja S, Wiley LK, Williams H, Winterstein AG, Van Driest SL, Cavallari LH, Peterson JF. Opportunity for Genotype-Guided Prescribing Among Adult Patients in 11 US Health Systems. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2021 Jul;110(1):179-188. PubMed PMID: 33428770
• Stevens LM, Linstead E, Hall JL, Kao DP. Association Between Coffee Intake and Incident Heart Failure Risk: A Machine Learning Analysis of the FHS, the ARIC Study, and the CHS. Circ Heart Fail. 2021 Feb;14(2):e006799. PubMed PMID: 33557575
• Singh I, Duca LM, Kao D, Chatfield KC, Khanna AD. Outcomes in hospitalisations of women with Turner syndrome compared to women without Turner syndrome. Cardiol Young. 2021 Oct;31(10):1667-1674. PubMed PMID: 33736722
• Trinkley KE, Kroehl ME, Kahn MG, Allen LA, Bennett TD, Hale G, Haugen H, Heckman S, Kao DP, Kim J, Matlock DM, Malone DC, Page Nd RL, Stine J, Suresh K, Wells L, Lin CT. Applying Clinical Decision Support Design Best Practices With the Practical Robust Implementation and Sustainability Model Versus Reliance on Commercially Available Clinical Decision Support Tools: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Med Inform. 2021 Mar 22;9(3):e24359. PubMed PMID: 33749610
• Sottile PD, Albers D, DeWitt PE, Russell S, Stroh JN, Kao DP, Adrian B, Levine ME, Mooney R, Larchick L, Kutner JS, Wynia MK, Glasheen JJ, Bennett TD. Real-time electronic health record mortality prediction during the COVID-19 pandemic: a prospective cohort study. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2021 Oct 12;28(11):2354-2365. PubMed PMID: 33973011
• Doran B, Mei C, Varosy PD, Kao DP, Saxon LA, Feldman AM, DeMets D, Bristow MR. The Addition of a Defibrillator to Resynchronization Therapy Decreases Mortality in Patients With Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy. JACC Heart Fail. 2021 Jun;9(6):439-449. PubMed PMID: 33992570
• Hicks JK, El Rouby N, Ong HH, Schildcrout JS, Ramsey LB, Shi Y, Tang LA, Aquilante CL, Beitelshees AL, Blake KV, Cimino JJ, Davis BH, Empey PE, Kao DP, Lemkin DL, Limdi NA, Lipori GP, Rosenman MB, Skaar TC, Teal E, Tuteja S, Wiley LK, Williams H, Winterstein AG, Van Driest SL, Cavallari LH, Peterson JF. Opportunity for Genotype-Guided Prescribing Among Adult Patients in 11 U.S. Health Systems. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2021 Jan 11. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 33428770
• Davis MB, Jarvie J, Gambahaya E, Lindenfeld J, Kao D. Risk Prediction for Peripartum Cardiomyopathy in Delivering Mothers: A Validated Risk Model: PPCM Risk Prediction Model. J Card Fail. 2020 Dec 31. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 33388467
• Ramsey LB, Ong HH, Schildcrout JS, Shi Y, Tang LA, Hicks JK, El Rouby N, Cavallari LH, Tuteja S, Aquilante CL, Beitelshees AL, Lemkin DL, Blake KV, Williams H, Cimino JJ, Davis BH, Limdi NA, Empey PE, Horvat CM, Kao DP, Lipori GP, Rosenman MB, Skaar TC, Teal E, Winterstein AG, Owusu Obeng A, Salyakina D, Gupta A, Gruber J, McCafferty-Fernandez J, Bishop JR, Rivers Z, Benner A, Tamraz B, Long-Boyle J, Peterson JF, Van Driest SL. Prescribing Prevalence of Medications With Potential Genotype-Guided Dosing in Pediatric Patients. JAMA Netw Open. 2020 Dec 1;3(12):e2029411. PubMed PMID: 33315113
• Derington CG, King JB, Delate T, Botts SR, Kroehl M, Kao DP, Trinkley KE. Twice-daily versus once-daily lisinopril and losartan for hypertension: Real-world effectiveness and safety. PLoS One. 2020;15(12):e0243371. PubMed PMID: 33270787
• Allen LA, Venechuk G, McIlvennan CK, Page Ii RL, Knoepke CE, Helmkamp LJ, Khazanie P, Peterson PN, Pierce K, Harger G, Thompson JS, Dow TJ, Richards L, Huang J, Strader JR, Trinkley KE, Kao DP, Magid DJ, Buttrick P, Matlock DD. An Electronically Delivered, Patient-Activation Tool for Intensification of Medications for Chronic Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction: The EPIC-HF Trial. Circulation. 2020 Nov 17. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 33201741
• Trinkley KE, Kahn MG, Bennett TD, Glasgow RE, Haugen H, Kao DP, Kroehl ME, Lin CT, Malone DC, Matlock DD. Integrating the Practical Robust Implementation and Sustainability Model With Best Practices in Clinical Decision Support Design: Implementation Science Approach. J Med Internet Res. 2020 Oct 29;22(10):e19676. PubMed PMID: 33118943
• Stevens LM, Mortazavi BJ, Deo RC, Curtis L, Kao DP. Recommendations for Reporting Machine Learning Analyses in Clinical Research. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2020 Oct;13(10):e006556. PubMed PMID: 33079589
• Kao D, Larson C, Fletcher D, Stegner K. Clinical Decision Support May Link Multiple Domains to Improve Patient Care: Viewpoint. JMIR Med Inform. 2020 Oct 16;8(10):e20265. PubMed PMID: 33064106
• Venechuk GE, Khazanie P, Page RL 2nd, Knoepke CE, Helmkamp LJ, Peterson PN, Pierce K, Thompson JS, Huang J, Strader JR, Dow TJ, Richards L, Trinkley KE, Kao DP, McIlvennan CK, Magid DJ, Buttrick PM, Matlock DD, Allen LA. An Electronically delivered, Patient-activation tool for Intensification of medications for Chronic Heart Failure with reduced ejection fraction: Rationale and design of the EPIC-HF trial. Am Heart J. 2020 Nov;229:144-155. PubMed PMID: 32866454
• Bristow MR, Zisman LS, Altman NL, Gilbert EM, Lowes BD, Minobe WA, Slavov D, Schwisow JA, Rodriguez EM, Carroll IA, Keuer TA, Buttrick PM, Kao DP. Dynamic Regulation of SARS-Cov-2 Binding and Cell Entry Mechanisms in Remodeled Human Ventricular Myocardium. JACC Basic Transl Sci. 2020 Sep;5(9):871-883. PubMed PMID: 32838074
• Lin CT, Bookman K, Sieja A, Markley K, Altman RL, Sippel J, Perica K, Reece L, Davis C, Horowitz E, Pisney L, Sottile PD, Kao D, Adrian B, Szkil M, Griffin J, Youngwerth J, Drew B, Pell J. Clinical informatics accelerates health system adaptation to the COVID-19 pandemic: examples from Colorado. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2020 Dec 9;27(12):1955-1963. PubMed PMID: 32687152
• Crume TL, Duca LM, Ong T, Kraus E, Scott K, Khanna A, Kao D, Rausch CM, McKenzie L, Daley MF, Coleman S, Kahn MG, Costa E 3rd, Davidson AJ. Population-level surveillance of congenital heart defects among adolescents and adults in Colorado: Implications of record linkage. Am Heart J. 2020 Aug;226:75-84. PubMed PMID: 32526532
• Anderson HD, Crooks KR, Kao DP, Aquilante CL. The landscape of pharmacogenetic testing in a US managed care population. Genet Med. 2020 Jul;22(7):1247-1253. PubMed PMID: 32291400
• Derington CG, Heath LJ, Kao DP, Delate T. Validation of algorithms to identify elective percutaneous coronary interventions in administrative databases. PLoS One. 2020;15(4):e0231100. PubMed PMID: 32255803
• Aleong RG, Zipse MM, Tompkins C, Aftab M, Varosy P, Sauer W, Kao D. Analysis of Outcomes in 8304 Patients Undergoing Lead Extraction for Infection. J Am Heart Assoc. 2020 Apr 7;9(7):e011473. PubMed PMID: 32192410
• Flint KM, Shah SJ, Lewis EF, Kao DP. Variation in clinical and patient-reported outcomes among complex heart failure with preserved ejection fraction phenotypes. ESC Heart Fail. 2020 Jun;7(3):811-824. PubMed PMID: 32160420
• Aquilante CL, Kao DP, Trinkley KE, Lin CT, Crooks KR, Hearst EC, Hess SJ, Kudron EL, Lee YM, Liko I, Lowery J, Mathias RA, Monte AA, Rafaels N, Rioth MJ, Roberts ER, Taylor MR, Williamson C, Barnes KC. Clinical implementation of pharmacogenomics via a health system-wide research biobank: the University of Colorado experience. Pharmacogenomics. 2020 Apr;21(6):375-386. PubMed PMID: 32077359
• Kao DP, Trinkley KE, Lin CT. Heart Failure Management Innovation Enabled by Electronic Health Records. JACC Heart Fail. 2020 Mar;8(3):223-233. PubMed PMID: 31926853
• Kao D, Purohit S, Jhund P. Therapeutic futility and phenotypic heterogeneity in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: what is the role of bionic learning?. Eur J Heart Fail. 2020 Jan;22(1):159-161. PubMed PMID: 31749260
• Trinkley KE, Kahn MG, Bennett TD, Glasgow RE, Haugen H, Kao DP, Kroehl ME, Lin CT, Malone DC, Matlock DD. An implementation science approach to clinical decision support within electronic health records: integrating PRISM with CDS design best practices. J Med Internet Res 2020;22(10):e19676. PMC7661234
• Riordan M, Kao DP. Clinical phenotype differences in outcomes and responses in spironolactone in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Circulation. 2020;142:15229
• Hyson P, Kao D. Biomarkers correspond with echo phenotype in HFpEF. Eur J Heart Fail. 22(Suppl S1):P508.
• Kao DP. Intelligent Artificial Intelligence: Present Considerations and Future Implications of Machine Learning Applied to Electrocardiogram Interpretation. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2019 Sep;12(9):e006021. PubMed PMID: 31525077
• Psotka MA, Fiuzat M, Carson PE, Kao DP, Cerkvenik J, Schaber DE, Verta P, Kazmierski RT, Shinnar M, Stockbridge N, Unger EF, Zuckerman B, Butler J, Felker GM, Konstam MA, Lindenfeld J, Solomon SD, Teerlink JR, O'Connor CM, Abraham WT. Design of a "Lean" Case Report Form for Heart Failure Therapeutic Development. JACC Heart Fail. 2019 Nov;7(11):913-921. PubMed PMID: 31401097
• Douglas PS, Carabello BA, Lang RM, Lopez L, Pellikka PA, Picard MH, Thomas JD, Varghese P, Wang TY, Weissman NJ, Wilgus R, Bozkurt B, Jneid H, Al-Khatib SM, Anderson HV, Gilstrap L, Graham GN, Jones GK, Kao D, Lopez L, Marcus G, Rymer J, Tcheng JE, Weintraub WS. 2019 ACC/AHA/ASE Key Data Elements and Definitions for Transthoracic Echocardiography: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Data Standards (Writing Committee to Develop Clinical Data Standards for Transthoracic Echocardiography) and the American Society of Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2019 Sep;32(9):1161-1248. PubMed PMID: 31248777
• Trinkley KE, Blakeslee WW, Matlock DD, Kao DP, Van Matre AG, Harrison R, Larson CL, Kostman N, Nelson JA, Lin CT, Malone DC. Clinician preferences for computerised clinical decision support for medications in primary care: a focus group study. BMJ Health Care Inform. 2019 Apr;26(1):0. PubMed PMID: 31039120
• Merrill M, Sweitzer NK, Lindenfeld J, Kao DP. Sex Differences in Outcomes and Responses to Spironolactone in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Secondary Analysis of TOPCAT Trial. JACC Heart Fail. 2019 Mar;7(3):228-238. PubMed PMID: 30819379
• Piccini JP, Abraham WT, Dufton C, Carroll IA, Healey JS, van Veldhuisen DJ, Sauer WH, Anand IS, White M, Wilton SB, Aleong R, Rienstra M, Krueger SK, Ayala-Paredes F, Khaykin Y, Merkely B, Miloradovic V, Wranicz JK, Ilkhanoff L, Ziegler PD, Davis G, Emery LL, Marshall D, Kao DP, Bristow MR, Connolly SJ. Bucindolol for the Maintenance of Sinus Rhythm in a Genotype-Defined HF Population: The GENETIC-AF Trial. JACC Heart Fail. 2019 Jul;7(7):586-598. PubMed PMID: 31042551
• Toni LS, Carroll IA, Jones KL, Schwisow JA, Minobe WA, Rodriguez EM, Altman NL, Lowes BD, Gilbert EM, Buttrick PM, Kao DP, Bristow MR. Correction: Sequential analysis of myocardial gene expression with phenotypic change: Use of cross-platform concordance to strengthen biologic relevance. PLoS One. 2019;14(10):e0224389. PubMed PMID: 31639152
• Johnson-Sasso CP, Tompkins C, Kao DP, Walker LA. Marijuana use and short-term outcomes in patients hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction. PLoS One. 2018;13(7):e0199705. PubMed PMID: 29995914
• Leary PJ, Kronmal RA, Bluemke DA, Buttrick PM, Jones KL, Kao DP, Kawut SM, Krieger EV, Lima JA, Minobe W, Ralph DD, Tedford RJ, Weiss NS, Bristow MR. Histamine H(2) Receptor Polymorphisms, Myocardial Transcripts, and Heart Failure (from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Beta-Blocker Effect on Remodeling and Gene Expression Trial). Am J Cardiol. 2018 Jan 15;121(2):256-261. PubMed PMID: 29191567
• Jarvie JL, Metz TD, Davis MB, Ehrig JC, Kao DP. Short-term risk of cardiovascular readmission following a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. Heart. 2018 Jul;104(14):1187-1194. PubMed PMID: 29326108
• Bristow MR, Kao DP, Breathett KK, Altman NL, Gorcsan J 3rd, Gill EA, Lowes BD, Gilbert EM, Quaife RA, Mann DL. Structural and Functional Phenotyping of the Failing Heart: Is the Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Obsolete?. JACC Heart Fail. 2017 Nov;5(11):772-781. PubMed PMID: 29096787
• Gambahaya ET, Hakim J, Kao D, Munyandu N, Matenga J. Peripartum cardiomyopathy among cardiovascular patients referred for echocardiography at Parirenyatwa Teaching Hospital, Harare, Zimbabwe. Cardiovasc J Afr. 2017 Jan Feb;28(1):8-13. PubMed PMID: 28262909
• Maddox TM, Albert NM, Borden WB, Curtis LH, Ferguson TB Jr, Kao DP, Marcus GM, Peterson ED, Redberg R, Rumsfeld JS, Shah ND, Tcheng JE. The Learning Healthcare System and Cardiovascular Care: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2017 Apr 4;135(14):e826-e857. PubMed PMID: 28254835
• Bandle B, Ward K, Min SJ, Drake C, McIlvennan CK, Kao D, Wald HL. Can Braden Score Predict Outcomes for Hospitalized Heart Failure Patients?. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2017 Jun;65(6):1328-1332. PubMed PMID: 28221672
• Sucharov CC, Kao DP, Port JD, Karimpour-Fard A, Quaife RA, Minobe W, Nunley K, Lowes BD, Gilbert EM, Bristow MR. Myocardial microRNAs associated with reverse remodeling in human heart failure. JCI Insight. 2017 Jan 26;2(2):e89169. PubMed PMID: 28138556
• Kao DP, Stevens LM, Hinterberg MA, Görg C. Phenotype-Specific Association of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms with Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction: a Genome-Wide Association Analysis of the Cardiovascular Health Study. J Cardiovasc Transl Res. 2017 Jun;10(3):285-294. PubMed PMID: 28105587
• McIlvennan CK, Lindenfeld J, Kao DP. Sex differences and in-hospital outcomes in patients undergoing mechanical circulatory support implantation. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2017 Jan;36(1):82-90. PubMed PMID: 27773454
• Kao DP, Lindenfeld J, Macaulay D, Birnbaum HG, Jarvis JL, Desai US, Page RL 2nd. Impact of a Telehealth and Care Management Program on All-Cause Mortality and Healthcare Utilization in Patients with Heart Failure. Telemed J E Health. 2016 Jan;22(1):2-11. PubMed PMID: 26218252
• Kao D, Haigney MC, Mehler PS, Krantz M. Reply to Cataldo (2016): Arrhythmia associated with buprenorphine and methadone reported to the Food and Drug Administration. Addiction. 2016 Sep;111(9):1686-7. PubMed PMID: 27273759
• Sandhu A, Kao D, Mehler PS, Haigney MC, Krantz MJ. Cardiovascular disorders associated with naloxone monotherapy and in fixed-dose combination with opioids: Data from international safety surveillance. Int J Cardiol. 2016 Jun 1;212:360-3. PubMed PMID: 27060723
• Lindenfeld J, Cleveland JC Jr, Kao DP, White M, Wichman S, Bristow JC, Peterson V, Rodegheri-Brito J, Korst A, Blain-Nelson P, Sederberg J, Hunt SA, Gilbert EM, Ambardekar AV, Minobe W, Port JD, Bristow MR. Sex-related differences in age-associated downregulation of human ventricular myocardial ß1-adrenergic receptors. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2016 Mar;35(3):352-61. PubMed PMID: 26970472
• Kao DP, Lindenfeld J, Macaulay D, Birnbaum HG, Jarvis JL, Desai US, Page RL 2nd. Impact of a Telehealth and Care Management Program on All-Cause Mortality and Healthcare Utilization in Patients with Heart Failure. Telemed J E Health. 2016 Jan;22(1):2-11. PubMed PMID: 26218252
• Afana M, Brinjikji W, Kao D, Jackson E, Maddox TM, Childers D, Eagle KA, Davis MB. Characteristics and In-Hospital Outcomes of Peripartum Cardiomyopathy Diagnosed During Delivery in the United States From the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) Database. J Card Fail. 2016 Jul;22(7):512-9. PubMed PMID: 26923643
• Kao DP, Haigney MC, Mehler PS, Krantz MJ. Arrhythmia associated with buprenorphine and methadone reported to the Food and Drug Administration. Addiction. 2015 Sep;110(9):1468-75. PubMed PMID: 26075588
• Vehlow C, Kao DP, Bristow MR, Hunter LE, Weiskopf D, Görg C. Visual analysis of biological data-knowledge networks. BMC Bioinformatics. 2015 Apr 29;16:135. PubMed PMID: 25925016
• Kao DP, Lowes BD, Gilbert EM, Minobe W, Epperson LE, Meyer LK, Ferguson DA, Volkman AK, Zolty R, Borg CD, Quaife RA, Bristow MR. Therapeutic Molecular Phenotype of ß-Blocker-Associated Reverse-Remodeling in Nonischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Circ Cardiovasc Genet. 2015 Apr;8(2):270-83. PubMed PMID: 25637602
• Hinterberg MA, Kao DP, Bristow MR, Hunter LE, Port JD, Görg C. Peax: interactive visual analysis and exploration of complex clinical phenotype and gene expression association. Pac Symp Biocomput. 2015;:419-30. PubMed PMID: 25592601
• Katz DF, Turakhia MP, Sauer WH, Tzou WS, Heath RR, Zipse MM, Aleong RG, Varosy PD, Kao DP. Safety of ventricular tachycardia ablation in clinical practice: findings from 9699 hospital discharge records. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2015 Apr;8(2):362-70. PubMed PMID: 25688143
• Lindenfeld J, Cleveland JC, Kao DP, White M, Wichman S, Bristow JC, Peterson V, Rodegheri-Brito J, Korst A, Blain-Nelson P, Sederberg J, Hunt SA, Gilbert EM, Ambardekar AV, Minobe W, Port JD, Bristow MR. Sex-related differences in age-associated down-regulation of human ventricular myocardial ß1-adrenergic receptors. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2015 Dec.
• Katz DF, Turakhia MP, Sauer WH, Tzou WS, Heath RR, Zipse MM, Aleong RG, Varosy PD, Kao DP. Safety of Ventricular Tachycardia Ablation in Clinical Practice: Findings from 9,699 Hospital Discharge Records. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2015 Feb 15. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 25688143
• Kao D, Lowes B, Gilbert E, Minobe W, Epperson LE, Meyer L, Ferguson D, Volkman K, Zolty R, Borg D, Quaife R, Bristow M. Therapeutic Molecular Phenotype of ß-blocker Associated Reverse-Remodeling in Nonischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Circ Cardiovasc Genet. 2015 Jan 30. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 25637602
• Hinterberg MA, Kao DP, Bristow MR, Hunter LE, Port JD, Görg C. Peax: interactive visual analysis and exploration of complex clinical phenotype and gene expression association. Pac Symp Biocomput. 2015;:419-30. PubMed PMID: 25592601
• Kao DP, Lewsey JD, Anand IS, Massie BM, Zile MR, Carson PE, McKelvie RS, Komajda M, McMurray JJ, Lindenfeld J. Characterization of subgroups of heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction with possible implications for prognosis and treatment response. Eur J Heart Fail. 2015 Sep;17(9):925-35. PubMed PMID: 26250359
• Hinterberg MA, Kao DP, Karimpour-Fard A, Sucharov K, Hunter LE, Port JD, Bristow MR. Myocardial Expression of the MicroRNA Dre-mir-133a-5p is Associated with Improvement in Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction in Patients with Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy Treated with Beta-Blockers. [Accepted for oral presentation March 10, 2013, ACC Scientific Sessions]
• Kao DP, Bucher Bartelson B, Khatri V, Dart R, Mehler PS, Katz D, Krantz MJ. Trends in reporting of methadone-associated arrhythmia events 1997-2011. [Accepted for publication to Annals of Internal Medicine Feb 7, 2013].
• Kao DP, Haigney MC, Mehler PS, Krantz MJ. Is buprenorphine safer than methadone? Analysis of disproportionate reporting of ventricular arrhythmia to the FDA. [Accepted for presentation, Heart Rhythm 2013, May 9, 2013].
• Kao DP, Hsich E, Lindenfeld J. Characteristics, Adverse Events, and Racial Differences Among Delivering Mothers with Peripartum Cardiomyopathy. JACC Heart Fail. 2013 Oct;1(5):409-416. PubMed PMID: 24163791
• Katz DF, Sun J, Khatri V, Kao D, Bucher-Bartelson B, Traut C, Lundin-Martinez J, Goodman M, Mehler PS, Krantz MJ. QTc interval screening in an opioid treatment program. Am J Cardiol. 2013 Oct 1;112(7):1013-8. PubMed PMID: 23820570
• Kao D, Bucher Bartelson B, Khatri V, Dart R, Mehler PS, Katz D, Krantz MJ. Trends in reporting methadone-associated cardiac arrhythmia, 1997-2011: an analysis of registry data. Ann Intern Med. 2013 May 21;158(10):735-40. PubMed PMID: 23689766
• Kao DP, Davis G, Aleong R, O'Connor CM, Fiuzat M, Carson PE, Anand IS, Plehn JF, Gottlieb SS, Silver MA, Lindenfeld J, Miller AB, White M, Murphy GA, Sauer W, Bristow MR. Effect of bucindolol on heart failure outcomes and heart rate response in patients with reduced ejection fraction heart failure and atrial fibrillation. Eur J Heart Fail. 2013 Mar;15(3):324-33. PubMed PMID: 23223178
• Kao DP, Haigney MC, Mehler PS, Krantz MJ. Is buprenrophine safer than methadone? Analysis of disproportionate reporting of ventricular arrhythmia to the FDA. Heart Rhythm 2013, May;10(5):S161.
• Kao DP, Varosy P, Nguyen DT, Tzou W, Katz D, Shculler J, Sung R, Steckman D, Sauer WH, Aleong R. Predictors of adverse events in 24,890 patients undergoing lead extraction. Circulation. 2013;128:A16362
• Kao DP, Varosy P, Nguyen DT, Tzou W, Katz D, Shculler J, Sung R, Steckman D, Sauer WH, Aleong R. Temporal trends in mortality and adverse events in 24,890 patients undergoing lead extraction over a decade.Circulation. 2013;128:A16352.
• Epperson LE, Kao DP, Minobe W, Gilbert EM, Lowes BD, Bristow MR. Gene Expression Changes Associated with ß-blocker reverse remodeling in the failing human heart constitute a ß1-adrenergic receptor gene regulatory network. Circulation. 2013;128:A18127.
• Hinterberg M, Kao DP, Karimpour-Fard A, Sucharov K, Hunter LE, Port JD, Bristow MR. Myocardial expression of the microRNA dre-mir-133a-5p is associated with improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy treated with ß-blockers. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;61(10 Suppl):E714
• Perez MV, Pavlovic A, Wheeler MT, Dewey FE, Pan S, Absher D, Cretti E, Southwick A, Heidenreich P, Sedehi D, Brandimarto J, Kao DP, Salisbury H, Chan K, Rosenthal D, Bernstein D, Fowler MB, Robbins RC, Myers RM, Quertermous T, Cappola T, Ashley E. Genetic variation near the HCRTR2 associated with dramatic improvement of heart function in patients with heart failure. Circulation. 2013;128:A519
• Kao DP, Epperson LE, Karimpour-Fard A, Gilbert EM, Lowes BD, Hunter LE, Bristow MR. Expression levels of select mRNA triads are predictive of response to beta-blocker therapy in patients with reduced ejection fraction heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail. 2013;12(suppl 1):S26.
• Kao DP, McIlvennan CK, Page RL, Lindenfeld J. Impact of day, month, and hour of admission on inpatient outcomes in 949,907 hospitalizations for congestive heart failure. Eur J Heat Fail. 2013;12(suppl 1):S139.
• Kao DP, Wagner BD, Robertson AD, Bristow MR, and Lowes BD. A Personalized BEST: Characterization of Latent Clinical Classes of Nonischemic Heart Failure That Predict Outcomes and Response to Bucindolol. PLoS One. 2012;7(11):e48184.
• Kao DP, Davis G, Aleong R, O'Connor CM, Fiuzat M, Carson PE, et al. Effect of bucindolol on heart failure outcomes and heart rate response in patients with reduced ejection fraction heart failure and atrial fibrillation. Eur J Heart Fail. 2012, Dec 7
• Kao DP, Davis GW, Aleong RG, Sauer WH, and Bristow MR. Effect of bucindolol on heart failure outcomes and ventricular response rate in HFREF patients with permanent atrial fibrillation. J Card Fail. 2012, Sep 10;18(8S):S50-51.
• Kao DP, Epperson LE, Karimpour-Fard A, Gilbert EM, Lowes BD, Hunter LE, and Bristow MR. Changes in expression of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) are correlated with improvement in left ventricular function in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction who respond to ß-blocker therapy. Circulation. 2012, Nov 5;126( ):A14639.
• Kao DP, Zolty R, Gilbert EM, Lowes BD, and Bristow MR. Myocardial gene expression associated with right- and left-ventricular remodeling with ß-blockade in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. J Card Fail. 18(8S):S33-4.
• Kao DP, Epperson LE, Karimpour-Fard A, Gilbert EM, Hunter LE, and Bristow MR. Transcription of select homeobox genes increases in patients with heart failure-reduced ejection fraction who have improvements in left ventricular ejection fraction on ß-blocker therapy. Circulation. 2012, Nov 5;126( ):A14777.
• Kao DP, Varosy P, and Aleong R. Impact of payor status on presentation, therapies, and outcomes in 31,614 patients hospitalized with Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome. Circulation. 2012, Nov 5;126( ):A14800.
• Gambahaya E, Kao DP, Munyandu N, Hakim J, Matenga J. Peripartum cardiomyopathy amongst cardiovascular patients referred for echocardiography at Parirenyatwa teaching hospital. Cardiovasc J Afr. [in press, April 2016].
• Gapu P, Bwakura-Dangarembizi M, Kandawasvika G, Kao DP, Bannerman C, Hakim J, Matenga JA. Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease among children presenting to two referral hospitals in Harare Zimbabwe. [Accepted for publication, South African Medical Journal].
• 67. Stevens LM, Linstead E, Hall JL, Kao DP. The association between coffee intake and incident heart failure risk – a machine learning analysis of the Framingham Heart, Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities, and Cardiovascular Health Studies. Circ Heart Fail. 2020.

Professional Memberships

• American College of Cardiology (ACC), Member
• American Heart Association (AHA), Member
• American Medical Informatics Association (AMIA), Member
• European Society of Cardiology Heart Failure Association, Member
• European Society of Cardiology, Member

Practice Locations

• University of Colorado Hospital

• Center for Women's Health Research
• Colorado Clinical & Translational Sciences Institute (CCTSI)
• University of Colorado Cardiovascular Institute

Specialty Information

• Cardiology, Board Certification (2018, 2018)
• Clinical Informatics, Board Certification (2022, 2022)
• Internal Medicine, Board Certification (2006, 2016)
• Biomedical Informatics, Specialized Training (2008)

• Heart and Circulation - Angina
• Heart and Circulation - Arrhythmia
• Heart and Circulation - Cardiomyopathy
• Heart and Circulation - Circulatory Disorders
• Heart and Circulation - Heart Attack
• Heart and Circulation - Heart Diseases
• Heart and Circulation - Coronary Disease
• Heart and Circulation - Heart Diseases - Prevention
• Heart and Circulation - Heart Failure
• Heart and Circulation - Heart Valve Diseases
• Genetic Conditions and Testing
• Complementary and Alternative Therapies
• Women's Health
• Heart and Circulation