Mario Santiago, PhD

Professional Titles

• Professor

Research Interests

Our laboratory studies the interplay between the innate and adaptive immune response against retroviruses to conceptually advance vaccine and cure strategies against HIV/AIDS and SARS-CoV-2. We are specifically interested in “restriction factors” – host proteins that could directly inhibit viruses but we discovered also play critical roles in shaping adaptive immune responses. These factors could be regulated by Type I interferons, thus highlighting possibilities for clinical translation.

Publications

• Pasquesi GIM, Allen H, Ivancevic A, Barbachano-Guerrero A, Joyner O, Guo K, Simpson DM, Gapin K, Horton I, Nguyen LL, Yang Q, Warren CJ, Florea LD, Bitler BG, Santiago ML, Sawyer SL, Chuong EB. Regulation of human interferon signaling by transposon exonization. Cell. 2024 Dec 26;187(26):7621-7636.e19. PubMed PMID: 39672162
• Mickens KL, Dillon SM, Guo K, Thompson AN, Barrett BS, Wood C, Kechris K, Santiago ML, Wilson CC. Death and survival of gut CD4 T cells following HIV-1 infection ex vivo. PNAS Nexus. 2024 Nov;3(11):pgae486. PubMed PMID: 39780917
• Byun H, Singh GB, Xu WK, Das P, Reyes A, Battenhouse A, Wylie DC, Santiago ML, Lozano MM, Dudley JP. Apobec-mediated retroviral hypermutation in vivo is dependent on mouse strain. PLoS Pathog. 2024 Aug;20(8):e1012505. PubMed PMID: 39208378
• Roesmann F, Sertznig H, Klaassen K, Wilhelm A, Heininger D, Heß S, Elsner C, Marschalek R, Santiago ML, Esser S, Sutter K, Dittmer U, Widera M. The interferon-regulated host factor hnRNPA0 modulates HIV-1 production by interference with LTR activity, mRNA trafficking, and programmed ribosomal frameshifting. J Virol. 2024 Jul 23;98(7):e0053424. PubMed PMID: 38899932
• Dopkins N, Fei T, Michael S, Liotta N, Guo K, Mickens KL, Barrett BS, Bendall ML, Dillon SM, Wilson CC, Santiago ML, Nixon DF. Endogenous retroelement expression in the gut microenvironment of people living with HIV-1. EBioMedicine. 2024 May;103:105133. PubMed PMID: 38677181
• Malyshkina A, Bayer W, Podschwadt P, Otto L, Karakoese Z, Sutter K, Bruderek K, Wang B, Lavender KJ, Santiago ML, Leipe PM, Elsner C, Esser S, Brandau S, Gunzer M, Dittmer U. Immunotherapy-induced cytotoxic T follicular helper cells reduce numbers of retrovirus-infected reservoir cells in B cell follicles. PLoS Pathog. 2023 Oct;19(10):e1011725. PubMed PMID: 37883584
• Pasquesi GIM, Allen H, Ivancevic A, Barbachano-Guerrero A, Joyner O, Guo K, Simpson DM, Gapin K, Horton I, Nguyen L, Yang Q, Warren CJ, Florea LD, Bitler BG, Santiago ML, Sawyer SL, Chuong EB. Regulation of human interferon signaling by transposon exonization. bioRxiv. 2023 Sep 15. PubMed PMID: 37745311
• Olson D, Calvimontes DM, Lamb MM, Guzman G, Barrios E, Chacon A, Rojop N, Arias K, Gomez M, Bolanos GA, Monzon J, Chard AN, Iwamoto C, Duca LM, Vuong N, Fineman M, Lesteberg K, Beckham D, Santiago ML, Quicke K, Ebel G, Gutierrez EZ, Azziz-Baumgartner E, Hayden FG, Mansour H, Edwards K, Newman LS, Asturias EJ. Clinical and Economic Impact of COVID-19 on Agricultural Workers, Guatemala(1). Emerg Infect Dis. 2022 Dec;28(13):S277-S287. PubMed PMID: 36502430
• Jones ST, Guo K, Cooper EH, Dillon SM, Wood C, Nguyen DH, Shen G, Barrett BS, Frank DN, Kroehl M, Janoff EN, Kechris K, Wilson CC, Santiago ML. Altered Immunoglobulin Repertoire and Decreased IgA Somatic Hypermutation in the Gut during Chronic HIV-1 Infection. J Virol. 2022 Sep 14;96(17):e0097622. PubMed PMID: 35938870
• Iwamoto C, Lesteberg KE, Lamb MM, Calvimontes DM, Guo K, Barrett BS, Mickens KL, Duca LM, Monzon J, Chard AN, Guzman G, Barrios E, Rojop N, Arias K, Gomez M, Paiz C, Bolanos GA, Edwards KM, Zielinski Gutierrez E, Azziz-Baumgartner E, Asturias EJ, Santiago ML, Beckham JD, Olson D. High SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence and Rapid Neutralizing Antibody Decline among Agricultural Workers in Rural Guatemala, June 2020-March 2021. Vaccines (Basel). 2022 Jul 21;10(7). PubMed PMID: 35891324
• Guo K, Barrett BS, Morrison JH, Mickens KL, Vladar EK, Hasenkrug KJ, Poeschla EM, Santiago ML. Interferon resistance of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022 Aug 9;119(32):e2203760119. PubMed PMID: 35867811
• Warren CJ, Santiago ML, Pyeon D. APOBEC3: Friend or Foe in Human Papillomavirus Infection and Oncogenesis?. Annu Rev Virol. 2022 Sep 29;9(1):375-395. PubMed PMID: 35671565
• Dillon SM, Mickens KL, Thompson TA, Cooper EH, Nesladek S, Christians AJ, Castleman M, Guo K, Wood C, Frank DN, Kechris K, Santiago ML, Wilson CC. Granzyme B( ) CD4 T cells accumulate in the colon during chronic HIV-1 infection. Gut Microbes. 2022 Jan-Dec;14(1):2045852. PubMed PMID: 35258402
• Galbraith MD, Kinning KT, Sullivan KD, Araya P, Smith KP, Granrath RE, Shaw JR, Baxter R, Jordan KR, Russell S, Dzieciatkowska M, Reisz JA, Gamboni F, Cendali F, Ghosh T, Guo K, Wilson CC, Santiago ML, Monte AA, Bennett TD, Hansen KC, Hsieh EWY, D'Alessandro A, Espinosa JM. Specialized interferon action in COVID-19. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022 Mar 15;119(11). PubMed PMID: 35217532
• Windsor WJ, Knight V, Merkel PA, Lamb MM, Tucker HR, Carson K, Howard KM, Yates JL, Santiago ML, McCarthy MK, Morrison TE, Kedl RM, Frazer-Abel A, Guo K, Andersen G, Huey L, Barrett BS, Colón-Franco JM, Lee WT, Chu MC. COVID-19 Serology Control Panel Using the Dried-Tube Specimen Method. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2022 Jan 7;106(2):562-565. PubMed PMID: 34996045
• Sertznig H, Roesmann F, Wilhelm A, Heininger D, Bleekmann B, Elsner C, Santiago M, Schuhenn J, Karakoese Z, Benatzy Y, Snodgrass R, Esser S, Sutter K, Dittmer U, Widera M. SRSF1 acts as an IFN-I-regulated cellular dependency factor decisively affecting HIV-1 post-integration steps. Front Immunol. 2022;13:935800. PubMed PMID: 36458014
• Barrett B, Nguyen DH, Xu J, Guo K, Shetty S, Jones ST, Mickens KL, Shepard C, Roers A, Behrendt R, Wu L, Kim B, Santiago ML. SAMHD1 Promotes the Antiretroviral Adaptive Immune Response in Mice Exposed to Lipopolysaccharide. J Immunol. 2022 Jan 15;208(2):444-453. PubMed PMID: 34893529
• Hasenkrug KJ, Feldmann F, Myers L, Santiago ML, Guo K, Barrett BS, Mickens KL, Carmody A, Okumura A, Rao D, Collins MM, Messer RJ, Lovaglio J, Shaia C, Rosenke R, van Doremalen N, Clancy C, Saturday G, Hanley P, Smith BJ, Meade-White K, Shupert WL, Hawman DW, Feldmann H. Recovery from Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Development of Anamnestic Immune Responses in T Cell-Depleted Rhesus Macaques. mBio. 2021 Aug 31;12(4):e0150321. PubMed PMID: 34311582
• Castleman MJ, Dillon SM, Thompson TA, Santiago ML, McCarter MD, Barker E, Wilson CC. Gut Bacteria Induce Granzyme B Expression in Human Colonic ILC3s In Vitro in an IL-15-Dependent Manner. J Immunol. 2021 Jun 15;206(12):3043-3052. PubMed PMID: 34117105
• Guo K, Barrett BS, Mickens KL, Vladar EK, Morrison JH, Hasenkrug KJ, Poeschla EM, Santiago ML. Interferon Resistance of Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants. bioRxiv. 2021 Dec 10. PubMed PMID: 33758840
• Guo K, Shen G, Kibbie J, Gonzalez T, Dillon SM, Smith HA, Cooper EH, Lavender K, Hasenkrug KJ, Sutter K, Dittmer U, Kroehl M, Kechris K, Wilson CC, Santiago ML. Qualitative Differences Between the IFNa subtypes and IFNß Influence Chronic Mucosal HIV-1 Pathogenesis. PLoS Pathog. 2020 Oct;16(10):e1008986. PubMed PMID: 33064743
• Ickler J, Francois S, Widera M, Santiago ML, Dittmer U, Sutter K. HIV infection does not alter interferon a/ß receptor 2 expression on mucosal immune cells. PLoS One. 2020;15(1):e0218905. PubMed PMID: 31935222
• Miller CM, Barrett BS, Chen J, Morrison JH, Radomile C, Santiago ML, Poeschla EM. Systemic Expression of a Viral RdRP Protects against Retrovirus Infection and Disease. J Virol. 2020 Apr 16;94(9). PubMed PMID: 32051266
• Agazio A, Cimons J, Shotts KM, Guo K, Santiago ML, Pelanda R, Torres RM. Histone H2A-Reactive B Cells Are Functionally Anergic in Healthy Mice With Potential to Provide Humoral Protection Against HIV-1. Front Immunol. 2020;11:1565. PubMed PMID: 32849530
• Dillon SM, Guo K, Castleman MJ, Santiago ML and Wilson CC. Quantifying HIV-1-Mediated Gut CD4+ T cell death in the Lamina Propria Aggregate Culture (LPAC) Model. Bio-Protocol. 2020;10(2):e3486.
• Uchil PD, Pi R, Haugh KA, Ladinsky MS, Ventura JD, Barrett BS, Santiago ML, Bjorkman PJ, Kassiotis G, Sewald X, Mothes W. A Protective Role for the Lectin CD169/Siglec-1 against a Pathogenic Murine Retrovirus. Cell Host Microbe. 2019 Jan 9;25(1):87-100.e10. PubMed PMID: 30595553
• Uchil PD, Pi R, Haugh KA, Ladinsky MS, Ventura JD, Barrett BS, Santiago ML, Bjorkman PJ, Kassiotis G, Sewald X, Mothes W. A Protective Role for the Lectin CD169/Siglec-1 against a Pathogenic Murine Retrovirus. Cell Host Microbe. 2019 Jan 9;25(1):87-100.e10. PubMed PMID: 30595553
• Castleman MJ, Dillon SM, Purba CM, Cogswell AC, Kibbie JJ, McCarter MD, Santiago ML, Barker E, Wilson CC. Commensal and Pathogenic Bacteria Indirectly Induce IL-22 but Not IFN? Production From Human Colonic ILC3s via Multiple Mechanisms. Front Immunol. 2019;10:649. PubMed PMID: 30984202
• Dittmer U, Sutter K, Kassiotis G, Zelinskyy G, Bánki Z, Stoiber H, Santiago ML, Hasenkrug KJ. Friend retrovirus studies reveal complex interactions between intrinsic, innate and adaptive immunity. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2019 Sep 1;43(5):435-456. PubMed PMID: 31087035
• Hasenkrug KJ, Lavender KJ, Santiago ML, Sutter K, Dittmer U. Different Biological Activities of Specific Interferon Alpha Subtypes. mSphere. 2019 Jul 24;4(4). PubMed PMID: 31341068
• Dickow J, Francois S, Kaiserling RL, Malyshkina A, Drexler I, Westendorf AM, Lang KS, Santiago ML, Dittmer U, Sutter K. Diverse Immunomodulatory Effects of Individual IFNa Subtypes on Virus-Specific CD8( ) T Cell Responses. Front Immunol. 2019;10:2255. PubMed PMID: 31608062
• Dillon SM, Guo K, Austin GL, Gianella S, Engen PA, Mutlu EA, Losurdo J, Swanson G, Chakradeo P, Keshavarzian A, Landay AL, Santiago ML, Wilson CC. A compartmentalized type I interferon response in the gut during chronic HIV-1 infection is associated with immunopathogenesis. AIDS. 2018 Jul 31;32(12):1599-1611. PubMed PMID: 29762170
• Chen S, Bonifati S, Qin Z, St Gelais C, Kodigepalli KM, Barrett BS, Kim SH, Antonucci JM, Ladner KJ, Buzovetsky O, Knecht KM, Xiong Y, Yount JS, Guttridge DC, Santiago ML, Wu L. SAMHD1 suppresses innate immune responses to viral infections and inflammatory stimuli by inhibiting the NF-?B and interferon pathways. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018 Apr 17;115(16):E3798-E3807. PubMed PMID: 29610295
• Westrich JA, Warren CJ, Klausner MJ, Guo K, Liu CW, Santiago ML, Pyeon D. Human Papillomavirus 16 E7 Stabilizes APOBEC3A Protein by Inhibiting Cullin 2-Dependent Protein Degradation. J Virol. 2018 Apr 1;92(7). PubMed PMID: 29367246
• Schroeder KMS, Agazio A, Strauch PJ, Jones ST, Thompson SB, Harper MS, Pelanda R, Santiago ML, Torres RM. Breaching peripheral tolerance promotes the production of HIV-1-neutralizing antibodies. J Exp Med. 2017 Aug 7;214(8):2283-2302. PubMed PMID: 28698284
• Miller SM, Miles B, Guo K, Folkvord J, Meditz AL, McCarter MD, Levy DN, MaWhinney S, Santiago ML, Connick E. Follicular Regulatory T Cells Are Highly Permissive to R5-Tropic HIV-1. J Virol. 2017 Sep 1;91(17). PubMed PMID: 28615202
• Barrett BS, Harper MS, Jones ST, Guo K, Heilman KJ, Kedl RM, Hasenkrug KJ, Santiago ML. Type I interferon signaling is required for the APOBEC3/Rfv3-dependent neutralizing antibody response but not innate retrovirus restriction. Retrovirology. 2017 Apr 17;14(1):25. PubMed PMID: 28415995
• Getahun A, Wemlinger SM, Rudra P, Santiago ML, van Dyk LF, Cambier JC. Impaired B cell function during viral infections due to PTEN-mediated inhibition of the PI3K pathway. J Exp Med. 2017 Apr 3;214(4):931-941. PubMed PMID: 28341640
• Yoder AC, Guo K, Dillon SM, Phang T, Lee EJ, Harper MS, Helm K, Kappes JC, Ochsenbauer C, McCarter MD, Wilson CC, Santiago ML. The transcriptome of HIV-1 infected intestinal CD4 T cells exposed to enteric bacteria. PLoS Pathog. 2017 Feb;13(2):e1006226. PubMed PMID: 28241075
• Dillon SM, Kibbie J, Lee EJ, Guo K, Santiago ML, Austin GL, Gianella S, Landay AL, Donovan AM, Frank DN, McCARTER MD, Wilson CC. Low abundance of colonic butyrate-producing bacteria in HIV infection is associated with microbial translocation and immune activation. AIDS. 2017 Feb 20;31(4):511-521. PubMed PMID: 28002063
• Wang Y, Schmitt K, Guo K, Santiago ML, Stephens EB. Role of the single deaminase domain APOBEC3A in virus restriction, retrotransposition, DNA damage and cancer. J Gen Virol. 2016 Jan;97(1):1-17. PubMed PMID: 26489798
• Dillon SM, Lee EJ, Donovan AM, Guo K, Harper MS, Frank DN, McCarter MD, Santiago ML, Wilson CC. Enhancement of HIV-1 infection and intestinal CD4 T cell depletion ex vivo by gut microbes altered during chronic HIV-1 infection. Retrovirology. 2016 Jan 14;13:5. PubMed PMID: 26762145
• Li SX, Barrett BS, Guo K, Kassiotis G, Hasenkrug KJ, Dittmer U, Gibbert K, Santiago ML. Tetherin/BST-2 promotes dendritic cell activation and function during acute retrovirus infection. Sci Rep. 2016 Feb 5;6:20425. PubMed PMID: 26846717
• Li SX, Barrett BS, Guo K, Santiago ML. Tetherin/BST-2: Restriction Factor or Immunomodulator?. Curr HIV Res. 2016;14(3):235-46. PubMed PMID: 26957198
• Lavender KJ, Gibbert K, Peterson KE, Van Dis E, Francois S, Woods T, Messer RJ, Gawanbacht A, Müller JA, Münch J, Phillips K, Race B, Harper MS, Guo K, Lee EJ, Trilling M, Hengel H, Piehler J, Verheyen J, Wilson CC, Santiago ML, Hasenkrug KJ, Dittmer U. Interferon Alpha Subtype-Specific Suppression of HIV-1 Infection In Vivo. J Virol. 2016 Jul 1;90(13):6001-13. PubMed PMID: 27099312
• Wang Y, Wang Z, Pramanik A, Santiago ML, Qiu J, Stephens EB. A chimeric human APOBEC3A protein with a three amino acid insertion confers differential HIV-1 and adeno-associated virus restriction. Virology. 2016 Nov;498:149-63. PubMed PMID: 27584592
• Rubtsova K, Rubtsov AV, Halemano K, Li SX, Kappler JW, Santiago ML, Marrack P. T Cell Production of IFN? in Response to TLR7/IL-12 Stimulates Optimal B Cell Responses to Viruses. PLoS One. 2016 Nov 23;11(11):e0166322. PubMed PMID: 27880772
• Dillon SM, Kibbie J, Lee EJ, Guo K, Santiago ML, Austin GL, Gianella S, Landay AL, Donovan AM, Frank DN, McCarter MD, Wilson CC. Low abundance of colonic butyrate-producing bacteria in HIV infection is associated with microbial translocation and immune activation. AIDS. 2016 Dec 19. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 28002063
• Dillon SM, Santiago ML and Wilson CC. HIV-1 pathogenesis in the gut. Encyclopedia of AIDS [Editors: Thomas Hope, Mario Stevenson, Douglas Richman]. pp 1-8. Springer, New York, NY. ISBN 978-1-4614-9610-6.
• Warren CJ, Xu T, Guo K, Griffin LM, Westrich JA, Lee D, Lambert PF, Santiago ML, Pyeon D. APOBEC3A functions as a restriction factor of human papillomavirus. J Virol. 2015 Jan;89(1):688-702. PubMed PMID: 25355878
• Halemano K, Barrett BS, Heilman KJ, Morrison TE, Santiago ML. Requirement for Fc effector mechanisms in the APOBEC3/Rfv3-dependent neutralizing antibody response. J Virol. 2015 Apr;89(7):4011-4. PubMed PMID: 25589647
• Guo K, Halemano K, Schmitt K, Katuwal M, Wang Y, Harper MS, Heilman KJ, Kuwata T, Stephens EB, Santiago ML. Immunoglobulin VH gene diversity and somatic hypermutation during SIV infection of rhesus macaques. Immunogenetics. 2015 Jul;67(7):355-70. PubMed PMID: 25994147
• Harper MS, Guo K, Gibbert K, Lee EJ, Dillon SM, Barrett BS, McCarter MD, Hasenkrug KJ, Dittmer U, Wilson CC, Santiago ML. Interferon-a Subtypes in an Ex Vivo Model of Acute HIV-1 Infection: Expression, Potency and Effector Mechanisms. PLoS Pathog. 2015 Nov;11(11):e1005254. PubMed PMID: 26529416
• Cavrois M, Neidleman J, Santiago ML, Derdeyn CA, Hunter E, Greene WC. Enhanced fusion and virion incorporation for HIV-1 subtype C envelope glycoproteins with compact V1/V2 domains. J Virol. 2014 Feb;88(4):2083-94. PubMed PMID: 24335304
• Steele AK, Lee EJ, Manuzak JA, Dillon SM, Beckham JD, McCarter MD, Santiago ML, Wilson CC. Microbial exposure alters HIV-1-induced mucosal CD4 T cell death pathways Ex vivo. Retrovirology. 2014 Feb 4;11:14. PubMed PMID: 24495380
• Gibbert K, Francois S, Sigmund AM, Harper MS, Barrett BS, Kirchning CJ, Lu M, Santiago ML, Dittmer U. Friend retrovirus drives cytotoxic effectors through Toll-like receptor 3. Retrovirology. 2014 Dec 24;11(1):1. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 25539593
• Connick E, Folkvord JM, Lind KT, Rakasz EG, Miles B, Wilson NA, Santiago ML, Schmitt K, Stephens EB, Kim HO, Wagstaff R, Li S, Abdelaal HM, Kemp N, Watkins DI, MaWhinney S, Skinner PJ. Compartmentalization of simian immunodeficiency virus replication within secondary lymphoid tissues of rhesus macaques is linked to disease stage and inversely related to localization of virus-specific CTL. J Immunol. 2014 Dec 1;193(11):5613-25. PubMed PMID: 25362178
• Barrett BS, Guo K, Harper MS, Li SX, Heilman KJ, Davidson NO, Santiago ML. Reassessment of murine APOBEC1 as a retrovirus restriction factor in vivo. Virology. 2014 Nov;468-470:601-8. PubMed PMID: 25303118
• Katuwal M, Wang Y, Schmitt K, Guo K, Halemano K, Santiago ML, Stephens EB. Cellular HIV-1 inhibition by truncated old world primate APOBEC3A proteins lacking a complete deaminase domain. Virology. 2014 Nov;468-470:532-44. PubMed PMID: 25262471
• Li SX, Barrett BS, Heilman KJ, Messer RJ, Liberatore RA, Bieniasz PD, Kassiotis G, Hasenkrug KJ, Santiago ML. Tetherin promotes the innate and adaptive cell-mediated immune response against retrovirus infection in vivo. J Immunol. 2014 Jul 1;193(1):306-16. PubMed PMID: 24872193
• Halemano K, Guo K, Heilman KJ, Barrett BS, Smith DS, Hasenkrug KJ, Santiago ML. Immunoglobulin somatic hypermutation by APOBEC3/Rfv3 during retroviral infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 May 27;111(21):7759-64. PubMed PMID: 24821801
• Steele AK, Lee EJ, Manuzak JA, Dillon SM, Beckham JD, McCarter MD, Santiago ML, Wilson CC. Microbial exposure alters HIV-1-induced mucosal CD4 T cell death pathways Ex vivo. Retrovirology. 2014 Feb 4;11:14. PubMed PMID: 24495380
• Cavrois M, Neidleman J, Santiago ML, Derdeyn CA, Hunter E, Greene WC. Enhanced fusion and virion incorporation for HIV-1 subtype C envelope glycoproteins with compact V1/V2 domains. J Virol. 2014 Feb;88(4):2083-94. PubMed PMID: 24335304
• Harper MS, Barrett BS, Smith DS, Li SX, Gibbert K, Dittmer U, Hasenkrug KJ, Santiago ML. IFN-a treatment inhibits acute Friend retrovirus replication primarily through the antiviral effector molecule Apobec3. J Immunol. 2013 Feb 15;190(4):1583-90. PubMed PMID: 23315078
• Halemano K, Barrett BS, Li SX, Harper MS, Smith DS, Heilman KJ, Santiago ML. Fv1 restriction and retrovirus vaccine immunity in Apobec3-deficient 129P2 mice. PLoS One. 2013;8(3):e60500. PubMed PMID: 23533681
• Schmitt K, Guo K, Katuwal M, Wilson D, Prochnow C, Bransteitter R, Chen XS, Santiago ML, Stephens EB. Lentivirus restriction by diverse primate APOBEC3A proteins. Virology. 2013 Jul 20;442(1):82-96. PubMed PMID: 23648232
• Li SX, Barrett BS, Harper MS, Heilman KJ, Halemano K, Steele AK, Guo K, Silverman RH, Santiago ML. Ribonuclease L is not critical for innate restriction and adaptive immunity against Friend retrovirus infection. Virology. 2013 Aug 15;443(1):134-42. PubMed PMID: 23725696
• Halemano K, Harper MS, Guo K, Li SX, Heilman KJ, Barrett BS, Santiago ML. Humoral immunity in the Friend retrovirus infection model. Immunol Res. 2013 Mar;55(1-3):249-60. PubMed PMID: 22961660
• Halemano K, Harper MS, Guo K, Li SX, Heilman KJ, Barrett BS and Santiago ML. 2013. Humoral immunity in the Friend retrovirus infection model. Immunologic Research 55(1): 249-260. PMID: 22961660.
• Harper MS, Barrett BS, Smith DS, Li SX, Gibbert K, Dittmer U, Hasenkrug KJ and Santiago ML. 2013. Interferon-alpha treatment inhibits acute Friend retrovirus replication primarily through the antiviral effector molecule Apobec3. J Immunol 190(4): 1583-90. PMID: 23315078.
• Li SX, Barrett BS, Silverman RH and Santiago ML. Does Ribonuclease L inhibit retroviruses in vivo? Cold Spring Harbor Retroviruses Meeting. May 21-26. Abstract #178.
• Barrett BS, Smith DS, Li SX, Guo K, Hasenkrug KJ and Santiago ML. The role of Tetherin endocytosis in a mouse model of pathogenic retrovirus infection. Cold Spring Harbor Retroviruses Meeting. May 21-26. Abstract #191.
• Guo K, Schmitt K, Prochnow C, Chen XS, Bransteitter R, Stephens EB and Santiago ML. A structural model for differential restriction activity of human and monkey APOBEC3A against LINE-1 retrotransposons. Cold Spring Harbor Retroviruses Meeting. May 21-26. Abstract #297.
• Schmitt KP, Guo K, Santiago M and Stephens EB. Rhesus macaque APOBEC3A with a C-terminal tag is less effective at restricting simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) but more effective at restricting LINE-1 elements. Cold Spring Harbor Retroviruses Meeting. May 21-26. Abstract #176.
• Santiago ML. Restriction factor hierarchy in the Friend retrovirus infection model. West Coast Retrovirus Conference. October 3-5, 2012.
• Barrett BS, Smith DS, Li SX, Guo K, Hasenkrug KJ and Santiago ML. 2012. A single nucleotide polymorphism in Tetherin promotes retroviral restriction in vivo. PLoS Pathogens, in press.
• Harper M, Barrett B, Smith D, Li S, Hasenkrug K and Santiago M. Interferon-alpha treatment restricts retroviral viremia through Apobec3 in vivo. Keystone Symposia on Viral Immunity and Host Gene Influence. Keystone, CO. March 21 - 27, 2012
• Halemano K, Barrett B, Heilman K, Smith D, Hasenkrug K and Santiago M. Characterizing the Apobec3/Rfv3 dependent neutralizing antibody response to Friend retrovirus. Keystone Symposia on HIV Vaccines. Keystone, CO. March 21-27, 2012. (Travel Award given to Mr Kalani Halemano)
• Leone A, Dillon S, Lee E, McCarter M, Santiago M and Wilson C. Commensal Eschericia coli enhance depletion of intestinal lamina propria CD4 T cells by R5 tropic HIV-1 ex vivo. Keystone Symposia on HIV vaccines. Keystone, CO. March 21-27, 2012.
• Connick E, Folkvord J, Lind K, Rakasz E, Wilson N, Santiago M, Stephens E, Hyeon K, Kinzel N, Skinner P. Failure of Virus-specific CTL to Accumulate in Lymphoid Follicles May Contribute to the Follicular Reservoir of SIV Replication in Chronic Infection. Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, Feb 2012.
• Barrett BS, Smith DS, Li SX, Guo K, Hasenkrug KJ and Santiago ML. 2012. A single nucleotide polymorphism in Tetherin promotes retroviral restriction in vivo. PLoS Pathogens 8(3): e1002596. PMID: 22457621.
• Fischer W, Apetrei C, Santiago ML, Li Y, Gautam R, Pandrea I, Shaw GM, Hahn BH, Letvin NL, Nabel GJ and Korber BT. 2012. Distinct evolutionary pressures underlie diversity in simian and human immunodeficiency virus lineages. J Virol 86(24): 13217-31. PMID: 23055550.
• Smith DS, Guo K, Barrett BS, Hasenkrug KJ and Santiago ML. Apobec3/Rfv3 and retrovirus neutralization. Internatinal Union of Microbiological Societies Congress. September 2011, Sapporo, Japan.
• Santiago ML, Smith DS, Barrett BS, Montano M, Benitez RL, Pelanda R, Hasenkrug KJ and Greene WC. 2011. Persistent Friend virus replication and disease in Apobec3 deficient mice expressing functional B cell activating factor receptor. J Virol 85(1): 189-199.
• Santiago ML, Smith DS, Barrett BS, Guo K, Heilman K, Benitez RL, Montano M, Pelanda R, Hasenkrug KJ and Greene WC. Mechanistic dissection of the Apobec3/Rfv3 phenotype: Implications for Improving Retroviral Humoral Immunity. Keystone HIV Pathogenesis Meeting, Whistler, British Columbia, March 20-25.
• Schmitt K, Guo K, Algaier M, Ruiz A, Cheng F, Qiu J, Wissing S, Santiago ML* and Stephens EB*. 2011. Differential virus restriction patterns of rhesus macaque and human Apobec3A: implications for lentivirus evolution. Virology 419(1): 24-42. (*co-corresponding author)
• Smith DS, Guo K, Barrett BS, Heilman KJ, Evans LH, Hasenkrug KJ, Greene WC and Santiago ML. 2011. Noninfectious retrovirus particles drive the Apobec3/Rfv3 dependent neutralizing antibody response. PLoS Pathogens 7(10): e1002284.
• Santiago ML, Montano M, Benitez R, Hasenkrug K and Greene WC. 2010. Innate retroviral restriction by Apobec3 facilitates antibody affinity maturation in vivo (Keystone Vaccines Conference, Banff, March 2010).
• Lassen KG, Wissing S, Lobritz MA, Santiago M and Greene WC. 2010. Identification of two APOBEC3F splice variants displaying HIV-1 antiviral activity and differential Vif-sensitivity. J Biol Chem 285(38): 29326-35.
• Santiago ML, Benitez RL, Montano M, Hasenkrug KJ and Greene WC. 2010. Innate retroviral restriction by Apobec3 promotes antibody affinity maturation in vivo. J Immunol 185(2): 1114-23.
• Kolokithas A, Rosenke K, Malik F, Hendrick D, Swanson L, Santiago ML, Portis JL, Hasenkrug KJ and Evans LH. 2010. The glycosylated Gag protein of a Murine Leukemia Virus inhibits the anti-retroviral function of Apobec3. J Virol 84(20): 10933-6.
• Doitsh G, Cavrois M, Lassen KG, Zepeda O, Yang Z, Santiago ML, Hebbeler AM and Greene WC. 2010. Abortive HIV infection mediates CD4+ T cell depletion and inflammation in human lymphoid tissue. Cell 143(5): 789-801.
• Decker JM, Zammit KP, Easlick JL, Santiago ML, Bonenberger D, Hahn BH, Kutsch O and Bibollet-Ruche, F. 2009. Effective activation alleviates the replication block of CCR5-tropic HIV-1 in chimpanzee CD4+ lymphocytes. Virology 394(1): 109-18.