Holly Frost, MD
Associate Professor, Pediatrics-General Pediatrics

Professional Titles

• Associate Professor Pediatrics
• Senior Research Scientist
• Senior Director | Center for Health Systems Research | Office of Research

Recognition & Awards

• Top Abstract in Diagnostics, IDSA (2021)
• IDEA Incubator: Grand Prize for Innovation, IDSA (2020)
• Recognition of Quality, AAP (2018)
• Shining Star Award, Marshfield Clinic (2016)
• Kass Award, Infectious Disease Society of America (2013)

Teaching

Publications

• Frost HM, Keith A, Fletcher DR, Sebastian T, Dominguez SR, Kurtz M, Parker SK, Wilson ML, Jenkins TC. Clinical Outcomes Associated with Amoxicillin Treatment for Acute Otitis Media in Children. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2024 Feb 5. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 38314853
• Simione M, Frost HM, Farrar-Muir H, Luo M, Granadeño J, Torres C, Boudreau AA, Moreland J, Wallace J, Young J, Orav J, Sease K, Hambidge SJ, Taveras EM. Evaluating the Implementation of the Connect for Health Pediatric Weight Management Program. JAMA Netw Open. 2024 Jan 2;7(1):e2352648. PubMed PMID: 38270953
• Jenkins TC, Keith A, Stein AB, Hersh AL, Narayan R, Eggleston A, Rinehart DJ, Patel PK, Walter E, Hargraves IG, Frost HM. Interventions to de-implement unnecessary antibiotic prescribing for ear infections (DISAPEAR Trial): protocol for a cluster-randomized trial. BMC Infect Dis. 2024 Jan 24;24(1):126. PubMed PMID: 38267837
• Reingold S, Tomcho M, Thomas-Gale T, Haynes C, O'Leary S, Warsh S, Rinehart D, Frost H. Survey of Adolescents' and Emerging Adults' Preferences for Gonorrhea and Chlamydia Testing in Primary Care. Sex Transm Dis. 2023 May 1;50(5):320-322. PubMed PMID: 36649601
• El Feghaly RE, Nedved A, Katz SE, Frost HM. New insights into the treatment of acute otitis media. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2023 May;21(5):523-534. PubMed PMID: 37097281
• O'Leary SC, Frost HM. Does HPV vaccination initiation at age 9, improve HPV initiation and vaccine series completion rates by age 13?. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2023 Dec 31;19(1):2180971. PubMed PMID: 36892245
• Smith NR, Simione M, Farrar-Muir H, Granadeno J, Moreland JW, Wallace J, Frost HM, Young J, Craddock C, Sease K, Hambidge SJ, Taveras EM, Levy DE. Costs to Implement a Pediatric Weight Management Program Across 3 Distinct Contexts. Med Care. 2023 Oct 1;61(10):715-725. PubMed PMID: 37943527
• Keith A, Jenkins TC, O'Leary S, Stein AB, Katz SE, Newland J, Rinehart DJ, Gilbert A, Dodd S, Terrill CM, Frost HM. Reducing length of antibiotics for children with ear infections: protocol for a cluster-randomized trial in the USA. J Comp Eff Res. 2023 Nov;12(11):e230088. PubMed PMID: 37855227
• Sebastian T, Durfee J, Wittmer N, Jack J, Keith A, Jenkins TC, Frost HM. Reducing Ophthalmic Antibiotic Use for Non-severe Conjunctivitis in Children. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2023 Sep 27;12(9):496-503. PubMed PMID: 37696521
• Frost HM, Hersh AL, Hyun DY. Next Steps in Ambulatory Stewardship. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2023 Dec;37(4):749-767. PubMed PMID: 37640612
• Frost HM, Jenkins TC, Sebastian T, Parker SK, Keith A, Kurtz M, Fletcher DR, Wilson ML, Dominguez SR. Reliability of nasopharyngeal PCR for the detection of otopathogens in children with uncomplicated acute otitis media compared to culture. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2023 Oct;107(2):116040. PubMed PMID: 37549633
• Frost HM, Geno Rasmussen C, Shorrosh H, Pyle L, Bautista K, Frohnert BI, Stahl M, Simmons K, Steck AK, Jia X, Yu L, Rewers M. Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Among Healthy Children From Colorado From 2020 to 2021: A Brief Report. J Prim Care Community Health. 2023 Jan-Dec;14:21501319231189147. PubMed PMID: 37501515
• El Feghaly RE, Nedved A, Katz SE, Frost HM. New insights into the treatment of acute otitis media. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2023 May;21(5):523-534. PubMed PMID: 37097281
• Sebastian T, Toseef MU, Kurtz M, Frost HM. Nasopharyngeal rapid diagnostic testing to reduce unnecessary antibiotic use and individualize management of acute otitis media. Antimicrob Steward Healthc Epidemiol. 2023;3(1):e49. PubMed PMID: 36970427
• O'Leary SC, Frost HM. Does HPV vaccination initiation at age 9, improve HPV initiation and vaccine series completion rates by age 13?. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2023 Dec 31;19(1):2180971. PubMed PMID: 36892245
• Frost HM, Wilson ML, Roosevelt GE. Improving Management of Suspected Chlamydia and Gonorrhea in Adolescents with a Rapid Diagnostic Test. Pediatr Qual Saf. 2023 Jan-Feb;8(1):e634. PubMed PMID: 36798111
• Reingold S, Tomcho M, Thomas-Gale T, Haynes C, O'Leary S, Warsh S, Rinehart D, Frost H. Survey of Adolescents' and Emerging Adults' Preferences for Gonorrhea and Chlamydia Testing in Primary Care. Sex Transm Dis. 2023 May 1;50(5):320-322. PubMed PMID: 36649601
• Rinehart DJ, Frost HM, Thomas-Gale T, Depue C, Shlay JC. Progress in the Use of Text-Messaging to Support Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health. Acad Pediatr. 2023 Jul;23(5):866-868. PubMed PMID: 36572099
• McGrath LJ, Frost HM, Newland JG, O'Neil CA, Sahrmann JM, Ma Y, Butler AM. Utilization of nonguideline concordant antibiotic treatment following acute otitis media in children in the United States. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2023 Feb;32(2):256-265. PubMed PMID: 36269007
• Frost HM, Wittmer N, Keith A, Durfee MJ, Jenkins TC. Sustainability of Interventions to Increase Guideline-Concordant Durations of Antibiotic Therapy for Children with Acute Otitis Media. J Pediatr. 2023 Feb;253:292-296.e2. PubMed PMID: 36088995
• Frost HM, Hersh AL. Rethinking Our Approach to Management of Acute Otitis Media. JAMA Pediatr. 2022 May 1;176(5):439-440. PubMed PMID: 35188531
• McWhirter L, Lou Y, Reingold S, Warsh S, Thomas-Gale T, Haynes C, Rinehart D, Wendel KA, Frost HM. Rates of Appropriate Treatment and Follow-Up Testing After a Gonorrhea and/or Chlamydia Infection in an Urban Network of Federally Qualified Health Center Systems. Sex Transm Dis. 2022 May 1;49(5):319-324. PubMed PMID: 35001017
• Sebastian T, Frost HM. A qualitative evaluation of pediatric conjunctivitis medical decision making and opportunities to improve care. J AAPOS. 2022 Jun;26(3):113.e1-113.e6. PubMed PMID: 35421542
• Tomcho MM, Lou Y, O'Leary SC, Rinehart DJ, Thomas-Gale T, Penny L, Frost HM. Closing the Equity Gap: An Intervention to Improve Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Testing for Adolescents and Young Adults in Primary Care. J Prim Care Community Health. 2022 Jan-Dec;13:21501319221131382. PubMed PMID: 36300428
• Frost HM, Sebastian T, Keith A, Kurtz M, Dominguez SR, Parker SK, Jenkins TC. COVID-19 and Acute Otitis Media in Children: A Case Series. J Prim Care Community Health. 2022 Jan-Dec;13:21501319221082351. PubMed PMID: 35289210
• Frost HM, Hersh AL. More Recent Literature Does Not Support Premise or Conclusions-Reply. JAMA Pediatr. 2022 Aug 1;176(8):827-828. PubMed PMID: 35696153
• Poole NM, Frost H. Targets and Methods to Improve Outpatient Antibiotic Prescribing for Pediatric Patients. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2022 Mar;36(1):187-202. PubMed PMID: 35168710
• Tomcho MM, Lou Y, O'Leary SC, Rinehart DJ, Thomas-Gale T, Penny L, Frost HM. Closing the Equity Gap: An Intervention to Improve Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Testing for Adolescents and Young Adults in Primary Care. J Prim Care Community Health. 2022 Jan-Dec;13:21501319221131382. PubMed PMID: 36300428
• McGrath LJ, Frost HM, Newland JG, O'Neil CA, Sahrmann JM, Ma Y, Butler AM. Utilization of nonguideline concordant antibiotic treatment following acute otitis media in children in the United States. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2022 Oct 21. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 36269007
• Frost HM, Wittmer N, Keith A, Durfee MJ, Jenkins TC. Sustainability of interventions to increase guideline-concordant durations of antibiotic therapy for children with acute otitis media. J Pediatr. 2022 Sep 8. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 36088995
• Frost HM, Bizune D, Gerber JS, Hersh AL, Hicks LA, Tsay SV. Amoxicillin versus other antibiotic agents for the treatment of acute otitis media in children. J Pediatr. 2022 Aug 6. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 35944719
• Frost HM, Hersh AL. More Recent Literature Does Not Support Premise or Conclusions-Reply. JAMA Pediatr. 2022 Aug 1;176(8):827-828. PubMed PMID: 35696153
• Sebastian T, Frost HM. A qualitative evaluation of pediatric conjunctivitis medical decision making and opportunities to improve care. J AAPOS. 2022 Jun;26(3):113.e1-113.e6. PubMed PMID: 35421542
• Frost HM, Sebastian T, Keith A, Kurtz M, Dominguez SR, Parker SK, Jenkins TC. COVID-19 and Acute Otitis Media in Children: A Case Series. J Prim Care Community Health. 2022 Jan-Dec;13:21501319221082351. PubMed PMID: 35289210
• Frost HM, Hersh AL. Rethinking Our Approach to Management of Acute Otitis Media. JAMA Pediatr. 2022 May 1;176(5):439-440. PubMed PMID: 35188531
• Poole NM, Frost H. Targets and Methods to Improve Outpatient Antibiotic Prescribing for Pediatric Patients. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2022 Mar;36(1):187-202. PubMed PMID: 35168710
• McWhirter L, Lou Y, Reingold S, Warsh S, Thomas-Gale T, Haynes C, Rinehart D, Wendel KA, Frost HM. Rates of Appropriate Treatment and Follow-Up Testing After a Gonorrhea and/or Chlamydia Infection in an Urban Network of Federally Qualified Health Center Systems. Sex Transm Dis. 2022 May 1;49(5):319-324. PubMed PMID: 35001017
• Frost HM, Lou Y, Keith A, Byars A, Jenkins TC. Increasing Guideline-Concordant Durations of Antibiotic Therapy for Acute Otitis Media. J Pediatr. 2022 Jan;240:221-227.e9. PubMed PMID: 34274307
• Frost HM, Munsiff SS, Lou Y, Jenkins TC. Simplifying outpatient antibiotic stewardship. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2022 Feb;43(2):260-261. PubMed PMID: 33517928
• Frost HM, Sebastian T, Durfee J, Jenkins TC. Ophthalmic antibiotic use for acute infectious conjunctivitis in children. J AAPOS. 2021 Nov 1. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 34737083
• Tomcho MM, Lou Y, O'Leary SC, Rinehart DJ, Thomas-Gale T, Douglas CM, Wu FJ, Penny L, Federico SG, Frost HM. An Intervention to Improve Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Testing Among Adolescents in Primary Care. Pediatrics. 2021 Nov;148(5). PubMed PMID: 34675130
• Frost HM, Lou Y, Keith A, Byars A, Jenkins TC. Increasing Guideline-Concordant Durations of Antibiotic Therapy for Acute Otitis Media. J Pediatr. 2021 Jul 15. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 34274307
• Frost HM, Monti JD, Andersen LM, Norlin C, Bizune DJ, Fleming-Dutra KE, Czaja CA. Improving Delayed Antibiotic Prescribing for Acute Otitis Media. Pediatrics. 2021 Jun;147(6). PubMed PMID: 33980695
• Frost HM, Munsiff SS, Lou Y, Jenkins TC. Simplifying outpatient antibiotic stewardship. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2021 Feb 1;:1-2. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 33517928
• Douglas CM, O'Leary SC, Tomcho MM, Wu FJ, Penny L, Federico SG, Wilson ML, Rinehart DJ, Frost HM. Gonorrhea and Chlamydia Rates Among 12- to 24-Year-Old Patients in an Urban Health System. Sex Transm Dis. 2021 Mar 1;48(3):161-166. PubMed PMID: 33003186
• Frost HM, Keith A, Sebastian T, Jenkins TC. Caregiver perspectives and preferences for acute otitis media management. Antimicrob Steward Healthc Epidemiol. 2021;1(1). PubMed PMID: 35340401
• Simione M, Farrar-Muir H, Mini FN, Perkins ME, Luo M, Frost H, Orav EJ, Metlay J, Zai AH, Kistin CJ, Sease K, Hambidge SJ, Taveras EM. Implementation of the Connect for Health pediatric weight management program: study protocol and baseline characteristics. J Comp Eff Res. 2021 Aug;10(11):881-892. PubMed PMID: 34024120
• Frost HM, Sebastian T, Durfee J, Jenkins TC. Ophthalmic antibiotic use for acute infectious conjunctivitis in children. J AAPOS. 2021 Dec;25(6):350.e1-350.e7. PubMed PMID: 34737083
• Tomcho MM, Lou Y, O'Leary SC, Rinehart DJ, Thomas-Gale T, Douglas CM, Wu FJ, Penny L, Federico SG, Frost HM. An Intervention to Improve Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Testing Among Adolescents in Primary Care. Pediatrics. 2021 Nov;148(5). PubMed PMID: 34675130
• Simione M, Farrar-Muir H, Mini FN, Perkins ME, Luo M, Frost H, Orav EJ, Metlay J, Zai AH, Kistin CJ, Sease K, Hambidge SJ, Taveras EM. Implementation of the Connect for Health pediatric weight management program: study protocol and baseline characteristics. J Comp Eff Res. 2021 Aug;10(11):881-892. PubMed PMID: 34024120
• Frost HM, Monti JD, Andersen LM, Norlin C, Bizune DJ, Fleming-Dutra KE, Czaja CA. Improving Delayed Antibiotic Prescribing for Acute Otitis Media. Pediatrics. 2021 Jun;147(6). PubMed PMID: 33980695
• Frost HM, Keith A, Sebastian T, Jenkins TC. Caregiver perspectives and preferences for acute otitis media management. Antimicrob Steward Healthc Epidemiol. 2021;1(1). PubMed PMID: 35340401
• Douglas CM, O'Leary SC, Tomcho MM, Wu FJ, Penny L, Federico SG, Wilson ML, Rinehart DJ, Frost HM. Gonorrhea and Chlamydia Rates Among 12- to 24-Year-Old Patients in an Urban Health System. Sex Transm Dis. 2021 Mar 1;48(3):161-166. PubMed PMID: 33003186
• Douglas CM, O' Leary SC, Tomcho MM, Wu FJ, Penny L, Federico SG, Wilson ML, Rinehart DJ, Frost HM. Gonorrhea and chlamydia rates among 12-24 year old patients in an urban health system. Sex Transm Dis. 2020 Sep 29. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 33003186
• Simione M, Frost HM, Cournoyer R, Mini FN, Cassidy J, Craddock C, Moreland J, Wallace J, Metlay J, Kistin CJ, Sease K, Hambidge SJ, Taveras EM. Engaging stakeholders in the adaptation of the Connect for Health pediatric weight management program for national implementation. Implement Sci Commun. 2020;1:55. PubMed PMID: 32885211
• Frost HM, Becker LF, Knepper BC, Shihadeh KC, Jenkins TC. Antibiotic Prescribing Patterns for Acute Otitis Media for Children 2 Years and Older. J Pediatr. 2020 May;220:109-115.e1. PubMed PMID: 32111379
• Koester TM, Timothy P, Meece JK, Osborn RA, Frost HM. Suspected Neuro-invasive Powassan Virus Infection in a Pediatric Patient. Clin Med Res. 2020 Aug;18(2-3):95-98. PubMed PMID: 32060042
• Frost HM, Andersen LM, Fleming-Dutra KE, Norlin C, Czaja CA. Sustaining outpatient antimicrobial stewardship: Do we need to think further outside the box?. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2020 Mar;41(3):382-384. PubMed PMID: 31918775
• Frost HM, Knepper BC, Shihadeh KC, Jenkins TC. A Novel Approach to Evaluate Antibiotic Utilization Across the Spectrum of Inpatient and Ambulatory Care and Implications for Prioritization of Antibiotic Stewardship Efforts. Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Apr 10;70(8):1675-1682. PubMed PMID: 31162539
• Anderson JL, Frost HM. Meece JK. Spontaneous resolution of blastomycosis symptoms caused by B.dermatitidis. Med Mycol Case Rep 2020; 30:43-45
• Anderson JL, Frost HM, Meece JK. Spontaneous resolution of blastomycosis symptoms caused by B. dermatitidis . Med Mycol Case Rep. 2020 Dec;30:43-45. PubMed PMID: 33150126
• Simione M, Frost HM, Cournoyer R, Mini FN, Cassidy J, Craddock C, Moreland J, Wallace J, Metlay J, Kistin CJ, Sease K, Hambidge SJ, Taveras EM. Engaging stakeholders in the adaptation of the Connect for Health pediatric weight management program for national implementation. Implement Sci Commun. 2020;1:55. PubMed PMID: 32885211
• Frost HM, Becker LF, Knepper BC, Shihadeh KC, Jenkins TC. Antibiotic Prescribing Patterns for Acute Otitis Media for Children 2 Years and Older. J Pediatr. 2020 May;220:109-115.e1. PubMed PMID: 32111379
• Koester TM, Timothy P, Meece JK, Osborn RA, Frost HM. Suspected Neuro-invasive Powassan Virus Infection in a Pediatric Patient. Clin Med Res. 2020 Aug;18(2-3):95-98. PubMed PMID: 32060042
• Frost HM, Andersen LM, Fleming-Dutra KE, Norlin C, Czaja CA. Sustaining outpatient antimicrobial stewardship: Do we need to think further outside the box?. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2020 Mar;41(3):382-384. PubMed PMID: 31918775
• Frost HM, Knepper BC, Shihadeh KC, Jenkins TC. A Novel Approach to Evaluate Antibiotic Utilization Across the Spectrum of Inpatient and Ambulatory Care and Implications for Prioritization of Antibiotic Stewardship Efforts. Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Apr 10;70(8):1675-1682. PubMed PMID: 31162539
• Frost HM, Gerber JS, Hersh AL. Antibiotic Recommendations for Acute Otitis Media and Acute Bacterial Sinusitis. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2019 Feb;38(2):217. PubMed PMID: 30640191
• Anderson JL, Frost HM, King JP, Meece JK. Racial Differences in Clinical Phenotype and Hospitalization of Blastomycosis Patients. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2019 Nov;6(11):ofz438. PubMed PMID: 31696142
• Frost HM, Knepper BC, Shihadeh KC, Jenkins TC. A novel approach to evaluate antibiotic utilization across the spectrum of inpatient and ambulatory care and implications for prioritization of antibiotic stewardship efforts. Clin Infect Dis. 2019 Jun 3. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 31162539
• Frost HM, Gerber JS, Hersh AL. Antibiotic Recommendations for Acute Otitis Media and Acute Bacterial Sinusitis. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2019 Feb;38(2):217. PubMed PMID: 30640191
• Frost HM, Fritsche TR, Hall MC. Beta-Hemolytic Nongroup A Streptococcal Pharyngitis in Children. J Pediatr. 2019 Mar;206:268-273.e1. PubMed PMID: 30528760
• Frost HM, Fritsche TR, Hall MC. Beta-Hemolytic Nongroup A Streptococcal Pharyngitis in Children. J Pediatr. 2018 Dec 6. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 30528760
• Frost HM, McLean HQ, Chow BDW. Variability in Antibiotic Prescribing for Upper Respiratory Illnesses by Provider Specialty. J Pediatr. 2018 Dec;203:76-85.e8. PubMed PMID: 30195553
• Koester TM, Meece JK, Fritsche TR, Frost HM. Infectious Mononucleosis and Lyme Disease as Confounding Diagnoses: A Report of 2 Cases. Clin Med Res. 2018 Dec;16(3-4):66-68. PubMed PMID: 30166498
• Thomm AM, Schotthoefer AM, Dupuis AP 2nd, Kramer LD, Frost HM, Fritsche TR, Harrington YA, Knox KK, Kehl SC. Development and Validation of a Serologic Test Panel for Detection of Powassan Virus Infection in U.S. Patients Residing in Regions Where Lyme Disease Is Endemic. mSphere. 2018 Jan-Feb;3(1). PubMed PMID: 29359181
• Schotthoefer AM, Hall MC, Vittala S, Bajwa R, Frost HM. Clinical Presentation and Outcomes of Children With Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2018 May 15;7(2):e9-e15. PubMed PMID: 28520981
• Frost HM, Schotthoefer AM, Thomm AM, Dupuis AP 2nd, Kehl SC, Kramer LD, Fritsche TR, Harrington YA, Knox KK. Serologic Evidence of Powassan Virus Infection in Patients with Suspected Lyme Disease(1). Emerg Infect Dis. 2017 Aug;23(8):1384-1388. PubMed PMID: 28726610
• Frost HM, Andersen LM, Monti J, Fleming-Dutra KE, Norlin C, Czaja CA. A quality improvement project to improve delayed antibiotic prescribing for acute otitis media. 2020. [Submitted]
• O’Leary SC, Rinehart D, Tomcho MM, Thomas-Gale T, Federico SG, Claudia MD, Wu FJ, Penny L, Frost HM. Association of Long Acting Reversible Contraceptives with Sexually Transmitted Infection Testing and Positivity Rates. 2020. [Submitted]
• Tomcho MM, Lou Y, Douglas CM, O’Leary SC, Rinehart D, Federico SG, Claudia MD, Wu FJ, Penny L, Federico SG, Frost HM. Improving gonorrhea and chlamydia screening in adolescents: A university screening pilot program. 2020. [Submitted]
• Frost HM. American Academy of Pediatrics Council on School Health Newsletter: Universal Chlamydia Screening in Adolescents. 2020. [In Press]
• Simione M, Farrar-Muir H, Mini FN, Perkins ME, Lou M, Frost HM, Oray J, Metlay J, Zai AH, Kistin CJ, Sease K, Hambidge SJ, Taveras EM. Implementation of the Connect for Health Pediatric Weight Management Program: Study Protocol and Baseline Characteristics. 2020. [Submitted]
• Frost HM, Sebastian T, Durfee J, Jenkins TC. Antibiotic Use for Acute Infectious Conjunctivitis in Children and Adolescents. 2020 [Submitted]

Professional Memberships

• American Academy of Pediatrics, FAAP
• Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America, Member