Matthew Galbraith, PhD

Professional Titles

• Associate Research Professor

Research Interests

My research focuses on how trisomy 21 alters human biology and drives the distinct health outcomes of people with Down syndrome (DS). I use genomic and multi-omic approaches, including transcriptomics, single-cell profiling, proteomics, and metabolomics, in human cohorts and in cellular and mouse models to define the molecular consequences of chromosome 21 gene dosage and identify candidate therapeutic targets. A central part of my work is building resources that make data and samples widely available to the DS research community. I serve as one of the Principal Investigators of the DS-Biorepository and of the NIH INCLUDE Data Coordinating Center, which hosts the Experimental Models of Down Syndrome (EMODS) portal. I also lead the Trisomy 21 Model Atlas, an open resource that characterizes trisomy 21 effects across mouse and human iPSC models. My earlier work on transcriptional regulation by CDK8, p53, and HIF1A in hypoxia and cancer continues to shape my interest in gene regulation and cellular stress responses.

Publications

• Dunn LN, Niemeyer BF, Eduthan NP, Schade KA, Waugh KA, Brown C, Rachubinski AL, Timkovich AE, Orlicky DJ, Galbraith MD, Espinosa JM, Sullivan KD. Altered hepatic metabolism in Down syndrome. Cell Rep. 2026 Jan 27;45(1):116835. PubMed PMID: 41538324
• Sillau SH, Coughlan C, Ahmed MM, Nair K, Araya P, Galbraith MD, Ritchie A, Ching-Jung Wang A, Elos MT, Bettcher BM, Espinosa JM, Chial HJ, Epperson N, Boyd TD, Potter H. Blood measure of neuronal death is exponentially higher with age, especially in females, and halted in Alzheimer's disease by GM-CSF treatment. Cell Rep Med. 2026 Jan 20;7(1):102525. PubMed PMID: 41421353
• Donovan MG, Chillamcherla S, Enriquez Estrada BA, Worek KR, Sundararajan Z, Barstch KW, Sullivan KD, Galbraith MD, Rachubinski AL, Espinosa JM. Systematic multi-omic deconvolution of the clinical heterogeneity of Down syndrome. Nat Commun. 2026 May 11;17(1). PubMed PMID: 42115186
• Eduthan NP, Donovan MG, Araya P, Rachubinski AL, Sullivan KD, Galbraith MD, Espinosa JM. An integrated multi-omic natural history study of human development, sexual dimorphism, and the effects of trisomy 21. Nat Commun. 2025 Sep 24;16(1):8346. PubMed PMID: 40993118
• Cozzolino KA, Sanford L, Hunter S, Molison K, Erickson B, Courvan MCS, Jones T, Ajit D, Galbraith MD, Espinosa JM, Bentley D, Allen MA, Dowell RD, Taatjes DJ. Mediator kinase inhibition suppresses hyperactive interferon signaling in Down syndrome. Elife. 2025 Feb 10;13. PubMed PMID: 39928031
• Araya P, Niemeyer B, Schade K, Dunn LN, Waugh K, Busquet N, Brindley C, Brown C, Winkler C, Lyford HR, Britton EC, Ludwig M, Siegenthaler J, Galbraith MD, Espinosa JM, Sullivan KD. Interferon signaling modulates Down syndrome-associated Alzheimer's disease pathology in a mouse model. iScience. 2025 Aug 15;28(8):113130. PubMed PMID: 40799393
• Santoro JD, Eduthan NP, Khoshnood MM, Jafarpour S, Boyd NK, Vogel BN, Nguyen L, Kazerooni L, Britton E, Lyford HR, Galbraith MD, Rachubinski AL, Espinosa JM. Evidence of blood-brain barrier dysfunction and CSF immunoglobulin synthesis in Down Syndrome Regression Disorder. Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2025 Apr;12(4):805-820. PubMed PMID: 39996411
• Gillenwater LA, Galbraith MD, Rachubinski AL, Eduthan NP, Sullivan KD, Espinosa JM, Costello JC. Integrated analysis of immunometabolic interactions in Down syndrome. Sci Adv. 2024 Dec 13;10(50):eadq3073. PubMed PMID: 39671500
• Ryan S, Crowe L, Almeida Cruz SN, Galbraith MD, O'Brien C, Hammer JA, Bergin R, Kellett SK, Markey GE, Benson TM, Fagan O, Espinosa JM, Conlon N, Donohoe CL, McKiernan S, Hogan AE, McNamee EN, Furuta GT, Menard-Katcher C, Masterson JC. Metabolic dysfunction mediated by HIF-1a contributes to epithelial differentiation defects in eosinophilic esophagitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2024 Dec;154(6):1472-1488. PubMed PMID: 39209164
• Donovan MG, Rachubinski AL, Smith KP, Araya P, Waugh KA, Enriquez-Estrada B, Britton EC, Lyford HR, Granrath RE, Schade KA, Kinning KT, Paul Eduthan N, Sullivan KD, Galbraith MD, Espinosa JM. Multimodal analysis of dysregulated heme metabolism, hypoxic signaling, and stress erythropoiesis in Down syndrome. Cell Rep. 2024 Aug 27;43(8):114599. PubMed PMID: 39120971
• Rachubinski AL, Wallace E, Gurnee E, Enriquez-Estrada BA, Worek KR, Smith KP, Araya P, Waugh KA, Granrath RE, Britton E, Lyford HR, Donovan MG, Eduthan NP, Hill AA, Martin B, Sullivan KD, Patel L, Fidler DJ, Galbraith MD, Dunnick CA, Norris DA, Espinosa JM. JAK inhibition decreases the autoimmune burden in Down syndrome. Elife. 2024 Dec 31;13. PubMed PMID: 39737640
• Szwarc MM, Guarnieri AL, Joshi M, Duc HN, Laird MC, Pandey A, Khanal S, Dohm E, Bui AK, Sullivan KD, Galbraith MD, Andrysik Z, Espinosa JM. FAM193A is a positive regulator of p53 activity. Cell Rep. 2023 Mar 28;42(3):112230. PubMed PMID: 36897777
• Galbraith MD, Rachubinski AL, Smith KP, Araya P, Waugh KA, Enriquez-Estrada B, Worek K, Granrath RE, Kinning KT, Paul Eduthan N, Ludwig MP, Hsieh EWY, Sullivan KD, Espinosa JM. Multidimensional definition of the interferonopathy of Down syndrome and its response to JAK inhibition. Sci Adv. 2023 Jun 28;9(26):eadg6218. PubMed PMID: 37379383
• Waugh KA, Minter R, Baxter J, Chi C, Galbraith MD, Tuttle KD, Eduthan NP, Kinning KT, Andrysik Z, Araya P, Dougherty H, Dunn LN, Ludwig M, Schade KA, Tracy D, Smith KP, Granrath RE, Busquet N, Khanal S, Anderson RD, Cox LL, Estrada BE, Rachubinski AL, Lyford HR, Britton EC, Fantauzzo KA, Orlicky DJ, Matsuda JL, Song K, Cox TC, Sullivan KD, Espinosa JM. Triplication of the interferon receptor locus contributes to hallmarks of Down syndrome in a mouse model. Nat Genet. 2023 Jun;55(6):1034-1047. PubMed PMID: 37277650
• D'Alessandro A, Nouraie SM, Zhang Y, Cendali F, Gamboni F, Reisz JA, Zhang X, Bartsch KW, Galbraith MD, Gordeuk VR, Gladwin MT. In vivo evaluation of the effect of sickle cell hemoglobin S, C and therapeutic transfusion on erythrocyte metabolism and cardiorenal dysfunction. Am J Hematol. 2023 Jul;98(7):1017-1028. PubMed PMID: 36971592
• Menard-Katcher C, Liu C, Galbraith MD, Benson T, Burger C, Dobias D, Larsen L, O'Brien C, Spencer LA, Furuta GT, Masterson JC. Fibrostenotic eosinophilic esophagitis phenotype is defined by a proliferative gene signature. Allergy. 2023 Feb;78(2):579-583. PubMed PMID: 36273270
• Ludwig MP, Galbraith MD, Eduthan NP, Hill AA, Clay MR, Tellez CM, Wilky BA, Elias A, Espinosa JM, Sullivan KD. Proteasome Inhibition Sensitizes Liposarcoma to MDM2 Inhibition with Nutlin-3 by Activating the ATF4/CHOP Stress Response Pathway. Cancer Res. 2023 Aug 1;83(15):2543-2556. PubMed PMID: 37205634
• Tatavosian R, Donovan MG, Galbraith MD, Duc HN, Szwarc MM, Joshi MU, Frieman A, Bilousova G, Cao Y, Smith KP, Song K, Rachubinski AL, Andrysik Z, Espinosa JM. Cell differentiation modifies the p53 transcriptional program through a combination of gene silencing and constitutive transactivation. Cell Death Differ. 2023 Apr;30(4):952-965. PubMed PMID: 36681780
• Linder SJ, Bernasocchi T, Martínez-Pastor B, Sullivan KD, Galbraith MD, Lewis CA, Ferrer CM, Boon R, Silveira GG, Cho HM, Vidoudez C, Shroff S, Oliveira-Costa JP, Ross KN, Massri R, Matoba Y, Kim E, Rueda BR, Stott SL, Gottlieb E, Espinosa JM, Mostoslavsky R. Inhibition of the proline metabolism rate-limiting enzyme P5CS allows proliferation of glutamine-restricted cancer cells. Nat Metab. 2023 Dec;5(12):2131-2147. PubMed PMID: 37957387
• Wolin AR, Vincent MY, Hotz T, Purdy SC, Rosenbaum SR, Hughes CJ, Hsu JY, Oliphant MUJ, Armstrong B, Wessells V, Varella-Garcia M, Galbraith MD, Pierce A, Wang D, Venkataraman S, Danis E, Veo B, Serkova N, Espinosa JM, Gustafson DL, Vibhakar R, Ford HL. EYA2 tyrosine phosphatase inhibition reduces MYC and prevents medulloblastoma progression. Neuro Oncol. 2023 Dec 8;25(12):2287-2301. PubMed PMID: 37486991
• Cozzolino K, Sanford L, Hunter S, Molison K, Erickson B, Jones T, Ajit D, Galbraith MD, Espinosa JM, Bentley DL, Allen MA, Dowell RD, Taatjes DJ. Mediator kinase inhibition suppresses hyperactive interferon signaling in Down syndrome. bioRxiv. 2023 Dec 13. PubMed PMID: 37461585
• D'Alessandro A, Nouraie SM, Zhang Y, Cendali F, Gamboni F, Reisz JA, Zhang X, Bartsch KW, Galbraith MD, Espinosa JM, Gordeuk VR, Gladwin MT. Metabolic signatures of cardiorenal dysfunction in plasma from sickle cell patients as a function of therapeutic transfusion and hydroxyurea treatment. Haematologica. 2023 Dec 1;108(12):3418-3432. PubMed PMID: 37439373
• Galbraith MD, Rachubinski AL, Smith KP, Araya P, Waugh KA, Enriquez-Estrada B, Worek K, Granrath RE, Kinning KT, Paul Eduthan N, Ludwig MP, Hsieh EWY, Sullivan KD, Espinosa JM. Multidimensional definition of the interferonopathy of Down syndrome and its response to JAK inhibition. Sci Adv. 2023 Jun 28;9(26):eadg6218. PubMed PMID: 37379383
• Waugh KA, Minter R, Baxter J, Chi C, Galbraith MD, Tuttle KD, Eduthan NP, Kinning KT, Andrysik Z, Araya P, Dougherty H, Dunn LN, Ludwig M, Schade KA, Tracy D, Smith KP, Granrath RE, Busquet N, Khanal S, Anderson RD, Cox LL, Estrada BE, Rachubinski AL, Lyford HR, Britton EC, Fantauzzo KA, Orlicky DJ, Matsuda JL, Song K, Cox TC, Sullivan KD, Espinosa JM. Triplication of the interferon receptor locus contributes to hallmarks of Down syndrome in a mouse model. Nat Genet. 2023 Jun;55(6):1034-1047. PubMed PMID: 37277650
• Ludwig MP, Galbraith MD, Eduthan NP, Hill AA, Clay MR, Tellez CM, Wilky BA, Elias A, Espinosa JM, Sullivan KD. Proteasome Inhibition Sensitizes Liposarcoma to MDM2 Inhibition with Nutlin-3 by Activating the ATF4/CHOP Stress Response Pathway. Cancer Res. 2023 Aug 1;83(15):2543-2556. PubMed PMID: 37205634
• D'Alessandro A, Nouraie SM, Zhang Y, Cendali F, Gamboni F, Reisz JA, Zhang X, Bartsch KW, Galbraith MD, Gordeuk VR, Gladwin MT. In vivo evaluation of the effect of sickle cell hemoglobin S, C and therapeutic transfusion on erythrocyte metabolism and cardiorenal dysfunction. Am J Hematol. 2023 Jul;98(7):1017-1028. PubMed PMID: 36971592
• Szwarc MM, Guarnieri AL, Joshi M, Duc HN, Laird MC, Pandey A, Khanal S, Dohm E, Bui AK, Sullivan KD, Galbraith MD, Andrysik Z, Espinosa JM. FAM193A is a positive regulator of p53 activity. Cell Rep. 2023 Mar 28;42(3):112230. PubMed PMID: 36897777
• Tatavosian R, Donovan MG, Galbraith MD, Duc HN, Szwarc MM, Joshi MU, Frieman A, Bilousova G, Cao Y, Smith KP, Song K, Rachubinski AL, Andrysik Z, Espinosa JM. Cell differentiation modifies the p53 transcriptional program through a combination of gene silencing and constitutive transactivation. Cell Death Differ. 2023 Apr;30(4):952-965. PubMed PMID: 36681780
• Menard-Katcher C, Liu C, Galbraith MD, Benson T, Burger C, Dobias D, Larsen L, O'Brien C, Spencer LA, Furuta GT, Masterson JC. Fibrostenotic eosinophilic esophagitis phenotype is defined by a proliferative gene signature. Allergy. 2023 Feb;78(2):579-583. PubMed PMID: 36273270
• Donovan MG, Galbraith MD, Espinosa JM. Multi-omics investigation reveals functional specialization of transcriptional cyclin dependent kinases in cancer biology. Sci Rep. 2022 Dec 28;12(1):22505. PubMed PMID: 36577800
• Araya P, Kinning KT, Coughlan C, Smith KP, Granrath RE, Enriquez-Estrada BA, Worek K, Sullivan KD, Rachubinski AL, Wolter-Warmerdam K, Hickey F, Galbraith MD, Potter H, Espinosa JM. IGF1 deficiency integrates stunted growth and neurodegeneration in Down syndrome. Cell Rep. 2022 Dec 27;41(13):111883. PubMed PMID: 36577365
• Galbraith MD, Kinning KT, Sullivan KD, Araya P, Smith KP, Granrath RE, Shaw JR, Baxter R, Jordan KR, Russell S, Dzieciatkowska M, Reisz JA, Gamboni F, Cendali F, Ghosh T, Guo K, Wilson CC, Santiago ML, Monte AA, Bennett TD, Hansen KC, Hsieh EWY, D'Alessandro A, Espinosa JM. Specialized interferon action in COVID-19. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022 Mar 15;119(11). PubMed PMID: 35217532
• Hay AM, Nemkov T, Gamboni F, Dzieciatkowska M, Key A, Galbraith M, Bartsch K, Sun K, Xia Y, Stone M, Busch MP, Norris PJ, Zimring JC, D'Alessandro A. S1P has a negative effect on RBC storage quality. Blood Adv. 2022 Dec 5. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 36469038
• Galbraith MD, Kinning KT, Sullivan KD, Araya P, Smith KP, Granrath RE, Shaw JR, Baxter R, Jordan KR, Russell S, Dzieciatkowska M, Reisz JA, Gamboni F, Cendali F, Ghosh T, Guo K, Wilson CC, Santiago ML, Monte AA, Bennett TD, Hansen KC, Hsieh EWY, D'Alessandro A, Espinosa JM. Specialized interferon action in COVID-19. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022 Mar 15;119(11). PubMed PMID: 35217532
• Liggett LA, Galbraith MD, Smith KP, Sullivan KD, Granrath RE, Enriquez-Estrada B, Kinning KT, Shaw JR, Rachubinski AL, Espinosa JM, DeGregori J. Precocious clonal hematopoiesis in Down syndrome is accompanied by immune dysregulation. Blood Adv. 2021 Apr 13;5(7):1791-1796. PubMed PMID: 33787858
• Galbraith MD, Andrysik Z, Sullivan KD, Espinosa JM. Global Analyses to Identify Direct Transcriptional Targets of p53. Methods Mol Biol. 2021;2267:19-56. PubMed PMID: 33786783
• Andrysik Z, Bender H, Galbraith MD, Espinosa JM. Multi-omics analysis reveals contextual tumor suppressive and oncogenic gene modules within the acute hypoxic response. Nat Commun. 2021 Mar 2;12(1):1375. PubMed PMID: 33654095
• Galbraith MD, Kinning KT, Sullivan KD, Baxter R, Araya P, Jordan KR, Russell S, Smith KP, Granrath RE, Shaw JR, Dzieciatkowska M, Ghosh T, Monte AA, D'Alessandro A, Hansen KC, Benett TD, Hsieh EW, Espinosa JM. Seroconversion stages COVID19 into distinct pathophysiological states. Elife. 2021 Mar 16;10. PubMed PMID: 33724185
• Sullivan KD, Galbraith MD, Kinning KT, Bartsch KW, Levinsky NC, Araya P, Smith KP, Granrath RE, Shaw JR, Baxter RM, Jordan KR, Russell SA, Dzieciatkowska ME, Reisz JA, Gamboni F, Cendali FI, Ghosh T, Monte AA, Bennett TD, Miller MG, Hsieh EW, D'Alessandro A, Hansen KC, Espinosa JM. The COVIDome Explorer researcher portal. Cell Rep. 2021 Aug 17;36(7):109527. PubMed PMID: 34348131
• Rizzotto D, Zaccara S, Rossi A, Galbraith MD, Andrysik Z, Pandey A, Sullivan KD, Quattrone A, Espinosa JM, Dassi E, Inga A. Nutlin-Induced Apoptosis Is Specified by a Translation Program Regulated by PCBP2 and DHX30. Cell Rep. 2020 Mar 31;30(13):4355-4369.e6. PubMed PMID: 32234473
• Zhou H, Blevins MA, Hsu JY, Kong D, Galbraith MD, Goodspeed A, Culp-Hill R, Oliphant MUJ, Ramirez D, Zhang L, Trinidad-Pineiro J, Mathews Griner L, King R, Barnaeva E, Hu X, Southall NT, Ferrer M, Gustafson DL, Regan DP, D'Alessandro A, Costello JC, Patnaik S, Marugan J, Zhao R, Ford HL. Identification of a Small-Molecule Inhibitor That Disrupts the SIX1/EYA2 Complex, EMT, and Metastasis. Cancer Res. 2020 Jun 15;80(12):2689-2702. PubMed PMID: 32341035
• Steinparzer I, Sedlyarov V, Rubin JD, Eislmayr K, Galbraith MD, Levandowski CB, Vcelkova T, Sneezum L, Wascher F, Amman F, Kleinova R, Bender H, Andrysik Z, Espinosa JM, Superti-Furga G, Dowell RD, Taatjes DJ, Kovarik P. Transcriptional Responses to IFN-? Require Mediator Kinase-Dependent Pause Release and Mechanistically Distinct CDK8 and CDK19 Functions. Mol Cell. 2019 Nov 7;76(3):485-499.e8. PubMed PMID: 31495563
• Waugh KA, Araya P, Pandey A, Jordan KR, Smith KP, Granrath RE, Khanal S, Butcher ET, Estrada BE, Rachubinski AL, McWilliams JA, Minter R, Dimasi T, Colvin KL, Baturin D, Pham AT, Galbraith MD, Bartsch KW, Yeager ME, Porter CC, Sullivan KD, Hsieh EW, Espinosa JM. Mass Cytometry Reveals Global Immune Remodeling with Multi-lineage Hypersensitivity to Type I Interferon in Down Syndrome. Cell Rep. 2019 Nov 12;29(7):1893-1908.e4. PubMed PMID: 31722205
• Oliphant MUJ, Vincent MY, Galbraith MD, Pandey A, Zaberezhnyy V, Rudra P, Johnson KR, Costello JC, Ghosh D, DeGregori J, Espinosa JM, Ford HL. SIX2 Mediates Late-Stage Metastasis via Direct Regulation of SOX2 and Induction of a Cancer Stem Cell Program. Cancer Res. 2019 Feb 15;79(4):720-734. PubMed PMID: 30606720
• Galbraith MD, Bender H, Espinosa JM. Therapeutic targeting of transcriptional cyclin-dependent kinases. Transcription. 2019 Apr;10(2):118-136. PubMed PMID: 30409083
• Abraham CG, Ludwig MP, Andrysik Z, Pandey A, Joshi M, Galbraith MD, Sullivan KD, Espinosa JM. ?Np63a Suppresses TGFB2 Expression and RHOA Activity to Drive Cell Proliferation in Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Cell Rep. 2018 Sep 18;24(12):3224-3236. PubMed PMID: 30232004
• Sullivan KD, Galbraith MD, Andrysik Z, Espinosa JM. Mechanisms of transcriptional regulation by p53. Cell Death Differ. 2018 Jan;25(1):133-143. PubMed PMID: 29125602
• Galbraith MD, Andrysik Z, Pandey A, Hoh M, Bonner EA, Hill AA, Sullivan KD, Espinosa JM. CDK8 Kinase Activity Promotes Glycolysis. Cell Rep. 2017 Nov 7;21(6):1495-1506. PubMed PMID: 29117556
• Andrysik Z, Galbraith MD, Guarnieri AL, Zaccara S, Sullivan KD, Pandey A, MacBeth M, Inga A, Espinosa JM. Identification of a core TP53 transcriptional program with highly distributed tumor suppressive activity. Genome Res. 2017 Oct;27(10):1645-1657. PubMed PMID: 28904012
• Audetat KA, Galbraith MD, Odell AT, Lee T, Pandey A, Espinosa JM, Dowell RD, Taatjes DJ. A Kinase-Independent Role for Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 19 in p53 Response. Mol Cell Biol. 2017 Jul 1;37(13). PubMed PMID: 28416637
• Nichol JN, Galbraith MD, Kleinman CL, Espinosa JM, Miller WH Jr. NPM and BRG1 Mediate Transcriptional Resistance to Retinoic Acid in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia. Cell Rep. 2016 Mar 29;14(12):2938-49. PubMed PMID: 26997274
• Perez-Perri JI, Dengler VL, Audetat KA, Pandey A, Bonner EA, Urh M, Mendez J, Daniels DL, Wappner P, Galbraith MD, Espinosa JM. The TIP60 Complex Is a Conserved Coactivator of HIF1A. Cell Rep. 2016 Jun 28;16(1):37-47. PubMed PMID: 27320910
• Sullivan KD, Lewis HC, Hill AA, Pandey A, Jackson LP, Cabral JM, Smith KP, Liggett LA, Gomez EB, Galbraith MD, DeGregori J, Espinosa JM. Trisomy 21 consistently activates the interferon response. Elife. 2016 Jul 29;5. PubMed PMID: 27472900
• Allen MA, Andrysik Z, Dengler VL, Mellert HS, Guarnieri A, Freeman JA, Sullivan KD, Galbraith MD, Luo X, Kraus WL, Dowell RD, Espinosa JM. Global analysis of p53-regulated transcription identifies its direct targets and unexpected regulatory mechanisms. Elife. 2014 May 27;3:e02200. PubMed PMID: 24867637
• Galbraith MD, Allen MA, Bensard CL, Wang X, Schwinn MK, Qin B, Long HW, Daniels DL, Hahn WC, Dowell RD, Espinosa JM. HIF1A employs CDK8-mediator to stimulate RNAPII elongation in response to hypoxia. Cell. 2013 Jun 6;153(6):1327-39. PubMed PMID: 23746844
• Galbraith MD, Saxton J, Li L, Shelton SJ, Zhang H, Espinosa JM, Shaw PE. ERK phosphorylation of MED14 in promoter complexes during mitogen-induced gene activation by Elk-1. Nucleic Acids Res. 2013 Dec;41(22):10241-53. PubMed PMID: 24049075
• Henry RE, Andrysik Z, París R, Galbraith MD, Espinosa JM. A DR4:tBID axis drives the p53 apoptotic response by promoting oligomerization of poised BAX. EMBO J. 2012 Mar 7;31(5):1266-78. PubMed PMID: 22246181
• Galbraith MD, Espinosa JM. Lessons on transcriptional control from the serum response network. Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2011 Apr;21(2):160-6. PubMed PMID: 21316215
• Galbraith MD, Donner AJ, Espinosa JM. CDK8: a positive regulator of transcription. Transcription. 2010 Jul-Aug;1(1):4-12. PubMed PMID: 21327159