Greg Forlenza, MD

Professional Titles

• Associate Professor

Recognitions

• Gold Award, University of Minnesota (2015)
  Hostetter Award for Most Outstanding Research by a Fellow – University of Minnesota Research Conference
• Outstanding Resident Teacher, University of Florida (2010)
  Most Outstanding Resident Teacher in Pediatrics
• Young Investigator Award, International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (2019)
  International award for outstanding diabetes researcher under age 40.
• H. Peter Chase, MD Endowed Chair, University of Colorado (2024)

Research Interests

Type 1 Diabetes, Diabetes Technology

Publications

• Forlenza GP, Nathan BM, Moran AM, Dunn TB, Beilman GJ, Pruett TL, Bellin MD. Successful Application of Closed-Loop Artificial Pancreas Therapy After Islet Autotransplantation. Am J Transplant. 2015 Nov 20. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 26588810
• Forlenza GP, Buckingham B, Maahs DM. Progress in Diabetes Technology: Developments in Insulin Pumps, Continuous Glucose Monitors, and Progress towards the Artificial Pancreas. J Pediatr. 2015 Nov 4. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 26547403
• Forlenza GP, Calhoun A, Beckman KB, Halvorsen T, Hamdoun E, Zierhut H, Sarafoglou K, Polgreen LE, Miller BS, Nathan B, Petryk A. Next generation sequencing in endocrine practice. Mol Genet Metab. 2015 Jun-Jul;115(2-3):61-71. PubMed PMID: 25958132
• Forlenza GP, Sankaranarayanan S, Maahs DM. Refining the closed loop in the data age: research-to-practice transitions in diabetes technology. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2015 May;17(5):304-6. PubMed PMID: 25844981
• Karlin AW, Ly TT, Pyle L, Forlenza GP, Messer L, Wadwa RP, DeSalvo DJ, Payne SL, Hanes S, Clinton P, Maahs DM, Buckingham B. Duration of Infusion Set Survival in Lipohypertrophy Versus Nonlipohypertrophied Tissue in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2016 Jul;18(7):429-35. PubMed PMID: 27227290
• Forlenza GP, Nathan BM, Moran A, Dunn TB, Beilman GJ, Pruett TL, Kovatchev BP, Bellin MD. Accuracy of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Patients After Total Pancreatectomy with Islet Autotransplantation. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2016 Aug;18(8):455-63. PubMed PMID: 27105121
• Forlenza GP, Nathan BM, Moran AM, Dunn TB, Beilman GJ, Pruett TL, Bellin MD. Successful Application of Closed-Loop Artificial Pancreas Therapy After Islet Autotransplantation. Am J Transplant. 2016 Feb;16(2):527-34. PubMed PMID: 26588810
• Forlenza GP, Buckingham B, Maahs DM. Progress in Diabetes Technology: Developments in Insulin Pumps, Continuous Glucose Monitors, and Progress towards the Artificial Pancreas. J Pediatr. 2016 Feb;169:13-20. PubMed PMID: 26547403
• Bellin MD, Forlenza G, Majumder K, Berger M, Freeman ML, Beilman GJ, Dunn TB, Pruett TL, Murati M, Wilhelm JJ, Cook M, Sutherland DER, Schwarzenberg SJ, Chinnakotla S. Total Pancreatectomy with Islet Autotransplantation Resolves Pain in Young Children with Severe Chronic Pancreatitis. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition. 2016;Publish Ahead of Print.
• Forlenza GP, Pyle LL, Maahs DM, Dunn TC. Ambulatory Glucose Profile Analysis of the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation Continuous Glucose Monitoring Dataset - Applications to the Pediatric Diabetes Population. Pediatric Diabetes. Accepted, in Press.
• Forlenza GP, Maahs DM. Diabetes Technology and Therapy in the Pediatric Age Group. US Endocrinology. 2016;12(1):22-3.
• Roberts AJ, Forlenza GP, Maahs DM, Taplin CE. “Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Exercise” chapter in Diabetes and Exercise 2nd Ed edited by Regensteiner J. Submitted.
• Forlenza GP, Moran A, Nathan B. “Atypical Diabetes” chapter in Diabetes in America published by the National Institutes of Health. In Press.
• Polychronakos C, Bellin M, Wood J, Forlenza GP, Rosenbloom A, Silverstein J. “Diabetes Mellitus” chapter in Pediatric Endocrinology and Inborn Errors of Metabolism 2nd Ed edited by Sarafoglou K. In Press.
• Huyett LM, Ly TL, Reuschel-DiVirgilo SR, Clay MS, Bevier W, Gondhalekar R, Dassau E, Forlenza GP, Doyle FJ, Pinsker JE, Maahs DM, Buckingham BA. Outpatient Closed-Loop Control with Unannounced Moderate Exercise in Adolescents using Zone Model Predictive Control. Accepted as a platform presentation at Advanced Technologies and Treatments for Diabetes International Conference with Huyett as presenting author, Milan, Italy 2016.
• Forlenza GP, Pyle LL, Maahs DM, Dunn TC. Ambulatory Glucose Profile Characterization of Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation-Continuous Glucose Monitoring Trial Data. Accepted as a poster at Advanced Technologies and Treatments for Diabetes International Conference, Milan, Italy 2016.
• Forlenza GP, Nathan BM, Moran AM, Dunn TB, Beilman GJ, Pruett TL, Kovatchev BP, Bellin MB. Accuracy of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Patients after Major Abdominal Surgery. Accepted as a poster at Advanced Technologies and Treatments for Diabetes International Conference, Milan, Italy 2016.
• Forlenza GP, Cameron F, Baysal N, Buckingham BA, Clinton P, Lam D, Levy C, Levister C, Ly TL, Maahs DM, Messer LH, Patek SD, Westfall E, Xie YY, Bequette BW. Effect of Meal Detection Suppression on Postprandial Glycemic Excursion in Fully Closed Loop Artificial Pancreas with Unannounced Unscheduled Large Meals. Accepted as a poster at The American Diabetes Association Conference, New Orleans, 2016.
• Cameron F, Ly TL, Buckingham BA, Bequette BW, Forlenza GP, Maahs DM, Levy C. Hotel Trial of a Fully Closed Loop Artificial Pancreas with Unannounced Unscheduled Large Meals. Accepted as a poster presentation at The American Diabetes Association Conference with Bequette as the presenting author, New Orleans, 2016.
• Forlenza GP, Cameron FM, Ly TT, Lam D, Howsmon D, Baysal N, Messer L, Clinton P, Levister C, Patek SD, Levy CJ, Wadwa RP, Maahs DM, Bequette BW, Buckingham BA. Fully Closed Loop Multiple Model Probabilistic Predictive Controller (MMPPC) Artificial Pancreas (AP) Performance in Adolescents and Adults in a Supervised Hotel Setting. Submitted to Advanced Technologies and Treatments for Diabetes International Conference, Paris, France 2017.
• Forlenza GP, Deshpande S, Ly T, Howsmon DP, Cameron F, Baysal N, Towers L, Marcal T, Bequette BW, Gondhalekar R, Doyle FJ, Maahs DM, Buckingham B, Dassau E. Application of Zone Model Predictive Control (Zone-MPC) Artificial Pancreas (AP) During Extreme Fault Detection Testing Conditions: A Randomized Crossover-Controlled Home-Use Trial. Submitted to Advanced Technologies and Treatments for Diabetes International Conference, Paris, France 2017.
• Forlenza GP, Chernavvsky DR, DeBoer M, Robic J, Kovatchev BP, Wadwa RP, Messer L, Maahs DM, Breton MD. The Artificial Pancreas (AP) Improves Glycemic Control During Extended Exercise at Ski Camp in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D). Submitted to Advanced Technologies and Treatments for Diabetes International Conference, Paris, France 2017.
• Messer L, Forlenza GP, Wadwa RP, Westfall E, Jost E, Alonso GT, Maahs DM, Slover R. Hybrid Closed-Loop (HCL) Therapy in Adolescents and Young Adults with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) Increases Time in Range. Submitted to Advanced Technologies and Treatments for Diabetes International Conference, Paris, France 2017.
• Howsmon DP, Baysal N, Hahn J, Buckingham B, Ly TT, Maahs DM, Forlenza GP, Bequette BW. Real-Time Detection of Losses in Infusion Set Actuation (LISAS) in a Closed-Loop Artificial Pancreas. Submitted to Advanced Technologies and Treatments for Diabetes International Conference, Paris, France 2017.
• Berget C, Driscoll KA, Hanes S, Marcal T, Towers L, Maahs DM, Howsmon DP, Deshpande S, Gondhalekar R, Forlenza G, Bequette BW, Cameron F, Dassau E, Ly T, Doyle FJ, Buckingham B, Hood K. Does the Artificial Pancreas Reduce Diabetes Distress and Hypoglycemia Worry in Individuals with Type 1 Diabetes? Submitted to Advanced Technologies and Treatments for Diabetes International Conference, Paris, France 2017.
• Forlenza GP, Raghinaru D, Cameron F, Wayne Bequette B, Peter Chase H, Paul Wadwa R, Maahs DM, Jost E, Ly TT, Wilson DM, Norlander L, Ekhlaspour L, Min H, Clinton P, Njeru N, Lum JW, Kollman C, Beck RW, Buckingham BA. Predictive hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia minimization: In-home double-blind randomized controlled evaluation in children and young adolescents. Pediatr Diabetes. 2017 Nov 20. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 29159870
• Forlenza GP, Deshpande S, Ly TT, Howsmon DP, Cameron F, Baysal N, Mauritzen E, Marcal T, Towers L, Bequette BW, Huyett LM, Pinsker JE, Gondhalekar R, Doyle FJ 3rd, Maahs DM, Buckingham BA, Dassau E. Erratum. Application of Zone Model Predictive Control Artificial Pancreas During Extended Use of Infusion Set and Sensor: A Randomized Crossover-Controlled Home-Use Trial. Diabetes Care 2017;40:1096-1102. Diabetes Care. 2017 Nov;40(11):1606. PubMed PMID: 28887408
• Breton MD, Cherñavvsky DR, Forlenza GP, DeBoer MD, Robic J, Wadwa RP, Messer LH, Kovatchev BP, Maahs DM. Closed Loop Control During Intense Prolonged Outdoor Exercise in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes: The Artificial Pancreas Ski Study. Diabetes Care. 2017 Aug 30. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 28855239
• Cameron FM, Ly TT, Buckingham BA, Maahs DM, Forlenza GP, Levy CJ, Lam D, Clinton P, Messer LH, Westfall E, Levister C, Xie YY, Baysal N, Howsmon D, Patek SD, Bequette BW. Closed-Loop Control Without Meal Announcement in Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2017 Sep;19(9):527-532. PubMed PMID: 28767276
• Forlenza GP. Relevance of Bolus Calculators in Current Hybrid Closed Loop Systems. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2017 Jul;19(7):400-401. PubMed PMID: 28686041
• Messer LH, Forlenza GP, Wadwa RP, Weinzimer SA, Sherr JL, Hood KK, Buckingham BA, Slover RH, Maahs DM. The dawn of automated insulin delivery: A new clinical framework to conceptualize insulin administration. Pediatr Diabetes. 2017 Jun 27. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 28656656
• Forlenza GP, Argento NB, Laffel LM. Practical Considerations on the Use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Pediatrics and Older Adults and Nonadjunctive Use. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2017 Jun;19(S3):S13-S20. PubMed PMID: 28585878
• Forlenza GP, Deshpande S, Ly TT, Howsmon DP, Cameron F, Baysal N, Mauritzen E, Marcal T, Towers L, Bequette BW, Huyett LM, Pinsker JE, Gondhalekar R, Doyle FJ 3rd, Maahs DM, Buckingham BA, Dassau E. Application of Zone Model Predictive Control Artificial Pancreas During Extended Use of Infusion Set and Sensor: A Randomized Crossover-Controlled Home-Use Trial. Diabetes Care. 2017 Aug;40(8):1096-1102. PubMed PMID: 28584075
• Beisang D, Forlenza GP, Luquette M, Sarafoglou K. Sporadic Insulinoma Presenting as Early Morning Night Terrors. Pediatrics. 2017 Jun;139(6). PubMed PMID: 28562256
• Ohman-Hanson RA, Forlenza GP. Artificial Pancreas in Young Children. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2017 May;19(5):277-279. PubMed PMID: 28520531
• Zhong VW, Crandell JL, Shay CM, Gordon-Larsen P, Cole SR, Juhaeri J, Kahkoska AR, Maahs DM, Seid M, Forlenza GP, Mayer-Davis EJ. Dietary intake and risk of non-severe hypoglycemia in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. J Diabetes Complications. 2017 Aug;31(8):1340-1347. PubMed PMID: 28476567
• Huyett LM, Ly TT, Forlenza GP, Reuschel-DiVirgilio S, Messer LH, Wadwa RP, Gondhalekar R, Doyle FJ 3rd, Pinsker JE, Maahs DM, Buckingham BA, Dassau E. Outpatient Closed-Loop Control with Unannounced Moderate Exercise in Adolescents Using Zone Model Predictive Control. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2017 Jun;19(6):331-339. PubMed PMID: 28459617
• Forlenza GP. Insulin Infusion Sets and Continuous Glucose Monitoring Sensors: Where the Artificial Pancreas Meets the Patient. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2017 Apr;19(4):206-208. PubMed PMID: 28418732
• Bellin MD, Forlenza GP, Majumder K, Berger M, Freeman ML, Beilman GJ, Dunn TB, Pruett TL, Murati M, Wilhelm JJ, Cook M, Sutherland DE, Schwarzenberg SJ, Chinnakotla S. Total Pancreatectomy With Islet Autotransplantation Resolves Pain in Young Children With Severe Chronic Pancreatitis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2017 Mar;64(3):440-445. PubMed PMID: 28231072
• Sarafoglou K, Forlenza GP, Yaw Addo O, Kyllo J, Lteif A, Hindmarsh PC, Petryk A, Gonzalez-Bolanos MT, Miller BS, Thomas W. Obesity in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia in the Minnesota cohort: importance of adjusting body mass index for height-age. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2017 May;86(5):708-716. PubMed PMID: 28199739
• Spaic T, Driscoll M, Raghinaru D, Buckingham BA, Wilson DM, Clinton P, Chase HP, Maahs DM, Forlenza GP, Jost E, Hramiak I, Paul T, Bequette BW, Cameron F, Beck RW, Kollman C, Lum JW, Ly TT. Predictive Hyperglycemia and Hypoglycemia Minimization: In-Home Evaluation of Safety, Feasibility, and Efficacy in Overnight Glucose Control in Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2017 Mar;40(3):359-366. PubMed PMID: 28100606
• Howsmon DP, Cameron F, Baysal N, Ly TT, Forlenza GP, Maahs DM, Buckingham BA, Hahn J, Bequette BW. Continuous Glucose Monitoring Enables the Detection of Losses in Infusion Set Actuation (LISAs). Sensors (Basel). 2017 Jan 15;17(1). PubMed PMID: 28098839
• Forlenza GP, Hamiel O, Liljenquist D, Shulman D, Bailey T, Bode B, Wood M, Buckingham B, Kaiserman K, Shin J, Huang S, Lee S, Kaufman F. Safety Evaluation of the MiniMed 670G System in Children 7-13 Years of Age with Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2018; Accepted.
• Wood MA, Shulman DI, Forlenza GP, Bode BW, Pinhas-Hamiel O, Buckingham BA, Kaiserman KB, Liljenquist DR, Bailey TS, Shin J, Huang S, Chen X, Cordero TL, Lee SW, Kaufman FR. In-Clinic Evaluation of the MiniMed 670G System "Suspend Before Low" Feature in Children with Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2018 Nov;20(11):731-737. PubMed PMID: 30299976
• Forlenza GP, Messer LH, Berget C, Wadwa RP, Driscoll KA. Biopsychosocial Factors Associated With Satisfaction and Sustained Use of Artificial Pancreas Technology and Its Components: a Call to the Technology Field. Curr Diab Rep. 2018 Sep 26;18(11):114. PubMed PMID: 30259309
• Forlenza GP, Li Z, Buckingham BA, Pinsker JE, Cengiz E, Wadwa RP, Ekhlaspour L, Church MM, Weinzimer SA, Jost E, Marcal T, Andre C, Carria L, Swanson V, Lum JW, Kollman C, Woodall W, Beck RW. Predictive Low-Glucose Suspend Reduces Hypoglycemia in Adults, Adolescents, and Children With Type 1 Diabetes in an At-Home Randomized Crossover Study: Results of the PROLOG Trial. Diabetes Care. 2018 Oct;41(10):2155-2161. PubMed PMID: 30089663
• Buckingham BA, Christiansen MP, Forlenza GP, Wadwa RP, Peyser TA, Lee JB, O'Connor J, Dassau E, Huyett LM, Layne JE, Ly TT. Performance of the Omnipod Personalized Model Predictive Control Algorithm with Meal Bolus Challenges in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2018 Sep;20(9):585-595. PubMed PMID: 30070928
• Sherr JL, Tauschmann M, Battelino T, de Bock M, Forlenza G, Roman R, Hood KK, Maahs DM. ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2018: Diabetes technologies. Pediatr Diabetes. 2018 Oct;19 Suppl 27:302-325. PubMed PMID: 30039513
• Messer LH, Berget C, Beatson C, Polsky S, Forlenza GP. Preserving Skin Integrity with Chronic Device Use in Diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2018 Jun;20(S2):S254-S264. PubMed PMID: 29916740
• Forlenza GP, Cameron FM, Ly TT, Lam D, Howsmon DP, Baysal N, Kulina G, Messer L, Clinton P, Levister C, Patek SD, Levy CJ, Wadwa RP, Maahs DM, Bequette BW, Buckingham BA. Fully Closed-Loop Multiple Model Probabilistic Predictive Controller Artificial Pancreas Performance in Adolescents and Adults in a Supervised Hotel Setting. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2018 May;20(5):335-343. PubMed PMID: 29658779
• Forlenza GP. Ongoing Debate About Models for Artificial Pancreas Systems and In Silico Studies. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2018 Mar;20(3):174-176. PubMed PMID: 29565720
• Messer LH, Forlenza GP, Sherr JL, Wadwa RP, Buckingham BA, Weinzimer SA, Maahs DM, Slover RH. Optimizing Hybrid Closed-Loop Therapy in Adolescents and Emerging Adults Using the MiniMed 670G System. Diabetes Care. 2018 Apr;41(4):789-796. PubMed PMID: 29444895
• Buckingham BA, Forlenza GP, Pinsker JE, Christiansen MP, Wadwa RP, Schneider J, Peyser TA, Dassau E, Lee JB, O'Connor J, Layne JE, Ly TT. Safety and Feasibility of the OmniPod Hybrid Closed-Loop System in Adult, Adolescent, and Pediatric Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Using a Personalized Model Predictive Control Algorithm. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2018 Apr;20(4):257-262. PubMed PMID: 29431513
• Howsmon DP, Baysal N, Buckingham BA, Forlenza GP, Ly TT, Maahs DM, Marcal T, Towers L, Mauritzen E, Deshpande S, Huyett LM, Pinsker JE, Gondhalekar R, Doyle FJ 3rd, Dassau E, Hahn J, Bequette BW. Real-Time Detection of Infusion Site Failures in a Closed-Loop Artificial Pancreas. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2018 May;12(3):599-607. PubMed PMID: 29390915
• Brown SA, Kovatchev BP, Raghinaru D, Lum JW, Buckingham BA, Kudva YC, Laffel LM, Levy CJ, Pinsker JE, Wadwa RP, Dassau E, Doyle FJ 3rd, Anderson SM, Church MM, Dadlani V, Ekhlaspour L, Forlenza GP, Isganaitis E, Lam DW, Kollman C, Beck RW. Six-Month Randomized, Multicenter Trial of Closed-Loop Control in Type 1 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2019 Oct 31;381(18):1707-1717. PubMed PMID: 31618560
• Vigers T, Chan CL, Snell-Bergeon J, Bjornstad P, Zeitler PS, Forlenza G, Pyle L. cgmanalysis: An R package for descriptive analysis of continuous glucose monitor data. PLoS One. 2019;14(10):e0216851. PubMed PMID: 31603912
• Sherr JL, Buckingham BA, Forlenza GP, Galderisi A, Ekhlaspour L, Wadwa RP, Carria L, Hsu L, Berget C, Peyser TA, Lee JB, O'Connor J, Dumais B, Huyett LM, Layne JE, Ly TT. Safety and Performance of the Omnipod Hybrid Closed-Loop System in Adults, Adolescents, and Children with Type 1 Diabetes Over 5 Days Under Free-Living Conditions. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2019 Oct 29. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 31596130
• Saunders A, Messer LH, Forlenza GP. MiniMed 670G hybrid closed loop artificial pancreas system for the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus: overview of its safety and efficacy. Expert Rev Med Devices. 2019 Oct;16(10):845-853. PubMed PMID: 31540557
• Berget C, Messer LH, Forlenza GP. A Clinical Overview of Insulin Pump Therapy for the Management of Diabetes: Past, Present, and Future of Intensive Therapy. Diabetes Spectr. 2019 Aug;32(3):194-204. PubMed PMID: 31462873
• Forlenza GP. Use of Artificial Intelligence to Improve Diabetes Outcomes in Patients Using Multiple Daily Injections Therapy. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2019 Jun;21(S2):S24-S28. PubMed PMID: 31169433
• Messer LH, Berget C, Forlenza GP. A Clinical Guide to Advanced Diabetes Devices and Closed-Loop Systems Using the CARES Paradigm. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2019 Aug;21(8):462-469. PubMed PMID: 31140878
• Ekhlaspour L, Forlenza GP, Chernavvsky D, Maahs DM, Wadwa RP, Deboer MD, Messer LH, Town M, Pinnata J, Kruse G, Kovatchev BP, Buckingham BA, Breton MD. Closed loop control in adolescents and children during winter sports: Use of the Tandem Control-IQ AP system. Pediatr Diabetes. 2019 Sep;20(6):759-768. PubMed PMID: 31099946
• Forlenza GP, Buckingham BA, Christiansen MP, Wadwa RP, Peyser TA, Lee JB, O'Connor J, Dassau E, Huyett LM, Layne JE, Ly TT. Performance of Omnipod Personalized Model Predictive Control Algorithm with Moderate Intensity Exercise in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2019 May;21(5):265-272. PubMed PMID: 30925077
• Forlenza GP, Ekhlaspour L, Breton M, Maahs DM, Wadwa RP, DeBoer M, Messer LH, Town M, Pinnata J, Kruse G, Buckingham BA, Cherñavvsky D. Successful At-Home Use of the Tandem Control-IQ Artificial Pancreas System in Young Children During a Randomized Controlled Trial. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2019 Apr;21(4):159-169. PubMed PMID: 30888835
• Forlenza GP, Kushner T, Messer LH, Wadwa RP, Sankaranarayanan S. Factory-Calibrated Continuous Glucose Monitoring: How and Why It Works, and the Dangers of Reuse Beyond Approved Duration of Wear. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2019 Apr;21(4):222-229. PubMed PMID: 30817171
• Sopfe J, Pyle L, Keating AK, Campbell K, Liu AK, Wadwa RP, Verneris MR, Giller RH, Forlenza GP. Malglycemia is associated with poor outcomes in pediatric and adolescent hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients. Blood Adv. 2019 Feb 12;3(3):350-359. PubMed PMID: 30718242
• Anderson SM, Dassau E, Raghinaru D, Lum J, Brown SA, Pinsker JE, Church MM, Levy C, Lam D, Kudva YC, Buckingham B, Forlenza GP, Wadwa RP, Laffel L, Doyle FJ 3rd, DeVries JH, Renard E, Cobelli C, Boscari F, Del Favero S, Kovatchev BP. The International Diabetes Closed-Loop Study: Testing Artificial Pancreas Component Interoperability. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2019 Feb;21(2):73-80. PubMed PMID: 30649925
• Forlenza GP, Pinhas-Hamiel O, Liljenquist DR, Shulman DI, Bailey TS, Bode BW, Wood MA, Buckingham BA, Kaiserman KB, Shin J, Huang S, Lee SW, Kaufman FR. Safety Evaluation of the MiniMed 670G System in Children 7-13 Years of Age with Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2019 Jan;21(1):11-19. PubMed PMID: 30585770
• Messer LH, Berget C, Vigers T, Pyle L, Geno C, Wadwa RP, Driscoll KA, Forlenza GP. Real World Hybrid Closed Loop Discontinuation: Predictors and Preceptions of Youth Discontinuing the 670G System in the First 6 Months. Pediatric Diabetes.
• Berget C, Messer LH, Vigers T, Frohnert BL, Pyle L, Wadwa RP, Driscoll KA, Forlenza GP. Six Months of Hybrid Closed Loop in the Real-World: An Evaluation of Children and Young Adults Using the 670G System. Pediatric Diabetes.
• Alva S, Bailey T, Brazg R, Budiman ES, Castorino K, Christiansen MP, Forlenza G, Kipnes M, Liljenquist DR, Liu H. Accuracy of a 14-Day Factory-Calibrated Continuous Glucose Monitoring System With Advanced Algorithm in Pediatric and Adult Population With Diabetes. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2020 Sep 19;:1932296820958754. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 32954812
• Breton MD, Kanapka LG, Beck RW, Ekhlaspour L, Forlenza GP, Cengiz E, Schoelwer M, Ruedy KJ, Jost E, Carria L, Emory E, Hsu LJ, Oliveri M, Kollman CC, Dokken BB, Weinzimer SA, DeBoer MD, Buckingham BA, Cherñavvsky D, Wadwa RP. A Randomized Trial of Closed-Loop Control in Children with Type 1 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2020 Aug 27;383(9):836-845. PubMed PMID: 32846062
• Berget C, Lange S, Messer L, Forlenza GP. A clinical review of the t:slim X2 insulin pump. Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2020 Sep 9;:1-13. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 32842794
• Messer LH, Campbell K, Pyle L, Forlenza GP. Basal-IQ technology in the real world: satisfaction and reduction of diabetes burden in individuals with type 1 diabetes. Diabet Med. 2020 Aug 7;:e14381. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 32767401
• Cobry EC, Berget C, Messer LH, Forlenza GP. Review of the Omnipod(®) 5 Automated Glucose Control System Powered by Horizon™ for the treatment of Type 1 diabetes. Ther Deliv. 2020 Aug;11(8):507-519. PubMed PMID: 32723002
• Brown SA, Beck RW, Raghinaru D, Buckingham BA, Laffel LM, Wadwa RP, Kudva YC, Levy CJ, Pinsker JE, Dassau E, Doyle FJ 3rd, Ambler-Osborn L, Anderson SM, Church MM, Ekhlaspour L, Forlenza GP, Levister C, Simha V, Breton MD, Kollman C, Lum JW, Kovatchev BP. Glycemic Outcomes of Use of CLC Versus PLGS in Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Diabetes Care. 2020 Aug;43(8):1822-1828. PubMed PMID: 32471910
• Garg SK, Rodbard D, Hirsch IB, Forlenza GP. Managing New-Onset Type 1 Diabetes During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Challenges and Opportunities. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2020 Jun;22(6):431-439. PubMed PMID: 32302499
• Kovatchev B, Anderson SM, Raghinaru D, Kudva YC, Laffel LM, Levy C, Pinsker JE, Wadwa RP, Buckingham B, Doyle FJ 3rd, Brown SA, Church MM, Dadlani V, Dassau E, Ekhlaspour L, Forlenza GP, Isganaitis E, Lam DW, Lum J, Beck RW. Erratum. Randomized Controlled Trial of Mobile Closed-Loop Control. Diabetes Care 2020;43:607-615. Diabetes Care. 2020 Jun;43(6):1366. PubMed PMID: 32245747
• Zimmerman C, Forlenza G, Schatz D. The Discovery and Structure of Human Insulin. Pediatr Endocrinol Rev. 2020 Mar;17(Suppl 1):131-137. PubMed PMID: 32208558
• Ravi SJ, Coakley A, Vigers T, Pyle L, Forlenza GP, Alonso T. Pediatric Medicaid Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Benefit From Continuous Glucose Monitor Technology. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2020 Mar 14;:1932296820906214. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 32172603
• Shah VN, Forlenza GP. Suicide via Intentional Insulin Overdose Through First Commercial Hybrid Closed-Loop. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2020 May;14(3):687-688. PubMed PMID: 32141325
• Sopfe J, Vigers T, Pyle L, Giller RH, Forlenza GP. Safety and Accuracy of Factory-Calibrated Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2020 Oct;22(10):727-733. PubMed PMID: 32105513
• Taylor KA, Forlenza GP. Use of Machine Learning and Hybrid Closed Loop Insulin Delivery at Diabetes Camps. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2020 Jul;22(7):535-537. PubMed PMID: 32058821
• Kovatchev B, Anderson SM, Raghinaru D, Kudva YC, Laffel LM, Levy C, Pinsker JE, Wadwa RP, Buckingham B, Doyle FJ 3rd, Brown SA, Church MM, Dadlani V, Dassau E, Ekhlaspour L, Forlenza GP, Isganaitis E, Lam DW, Lum J, Beck RW. Randomized Controlled Trial of Mobile Closed-Loop Control. Diabetes Care. 2020 Mar;43(3):607-615. PubMed PMID: 31937608
• Messer LH, Berget C, Vigers T, Pyle L, Geno C, Wadwa RP, Driscoll KA, Forlenza GP. Real world hybrid closed-loop discontinuation: Predictors and perceptions of youth discontinuing the 670G system in the first 6 months. Pediatr Diabetes. 2020 Mar;21(2):319-327. PubMed PMID: 31885123
• Berget C, Messer LH, Vigers T, Frohnert BI, Pyle L, Wadwa RP, Driscoll KA, Forlenza GP. Six months of hybrid closed loop in the real-world: An evaluation of children and young adults using the 670G system. Pediatr Diabetes. 2020 Mar;21(2):310-318. PubMed PMID: 31837064
• Brown SA, Kovatchev BP, Raghinaru D, Lum JW, Buckingham BA, Kudva YC, Laffel LM, Levy CJ, Pinsker JE, Wadwa RP, Dassau E, Doyle FJ 3rd, Anderson SM, Church MM, Dadlani V, Ekhlaspour L, Forlenza GP, Isganaitis E, Lam DW, Kollman C, Beck RW. Six-Month Randomized, Multicenter Trial of Closed-Loop Control in Type 1 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2019 Oct 31;381(18):1707-1717. PubMed PMID: 31618560
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• Khatter NJ, Hum SW, Mark JA, Forlenza G, Triolo TM. Longitudinal Quality of Life and Glycemic Outcomes of Total Pancreatectomy With Islet Autotransplantation in Children With Chronic Pancreatitis Followed in a Pediatric Multidisciplinary Pancreas Clinic. Pediatr Transplant. 2024 Aug;28(5):e14813. PubMed PMID: 38895780
• Ekhlaspour L, Buckingham B, Bauza C, Clements M, Forlenza GP, Neyman A, Norlander L, Schamberger M, Sherr JL, Bailey R, Beck RW, Kollman C, Beasley S, Cobry E, DiMeglio LA, Paprocki E, Van Name M, Moran A. Safety and prescribing recommendations for verapamil in newly diagnosed pediatric type 1 diabetes (T1D): The CLVer experience. J Clin Transl Endocrinol. 2024 Jun;36:100352. PubMed PMID: 38860154
• Xu T, Jost E, Messer LH, Cook PF, Forlenza GP, Sankaranarayanan S, Fiesler C, Voida S. "Obviously, Nothing's Gonna Happen in Five Minutes": How Adolescents and Young Adults Infrastructure Resources to Learn Type 1 Diabetes Management. Proc SIGCHI Conf Hum Factor Comput Syst. 2024 May;2024. PubMed PMID: 38846748
• Phillip M, Nimri R, Bergenstal RM, Barnard-Kelly K, Danne T, Hovorka R, Kovatchev BP, Messer LH, Parkin CG, Ambler-Osborn L, Amiel SA, Bally L, Beck RW, Biester S, Biester T, Blanchette JE, Bosi E, Boughton CK, Breton MD, Brown SA, Buckingham BA, Cai A, Carlson AL, Castle JR, Choudhary P, Close KL, Cobelli C, Criego AB, Davis E, de Beaufort C, de Bock MI, DeSalvo DJ, DeVries JH, Dovc K, Doyle FJ, Ekhlaspour L, Shvalb NF, Forlenza GP, Gallen G, Garg SK, Gershenoff DC, Gonder-Frederick LA, Haidar A, Hartnell S, Heinemann L, Heller S, Hirsch IB, Hood KK, Isaacs D, Klonoff DC, Kordonouri O, Kowalski A, Laffel L, Lawton J, Lal RA, Leelarathna L, Maahs DM, Murphy HR, Nørgaard K, O'Neal D, Oser S, Oser T, Renard E, Riddell MC, Rodbard D, Russell SJ, Schatz DA, Shah VN, Sherr JL, Simonson GD, Wadwa RP, Ward C, Weinzimer SA, Wilmot EG, Battelino T. Consensus Recommendations for the Use of Automated Insulin Delivery Technologies in Clinical Practice. Endocr Rev. 2023 Mar 4;44(2):254-280. PubMed PMID: 36066457
• Ekhlaspour L, Raghinaru D, Forlenza GP, Isganaitis E, Kudva YC, Lam DW, Levister C, O'Malley G, Church MM, Lum JW, Buckingham B, Brown SA. Outcomes in Pump- and CGM-Baseline Use Subgroups in the International Diabetes Closed-Loop Trial. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2023 Jul;17(4):935-942. PubMed PMID: 35473359
• Cobry EC, Vigers T, Berget C, Messer LH, Wadwa RP, Pyle L, Forlenza GP. Frequency and Causes of Nocturnal Alarms in Youth and Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes Using a First-Generation Hybrid Closed-Loop System. Diabetes Spectr. 2024 Spring;37(2):118-123. PubMed PMID: 38756430
• Klonoff DC, Wang J, Rodbard D, Kohn MA, Li C, Liepmann D, Kerr D, Ahn D, Peters AL, Umpierrez GE, Seley JJ, Xu NY, Nguyen KT, Simonson G, Agus MSD, Al-Sofiani ME, Armaiz-Pena G, Bailey TS, Basu A, Battelino T, Bekele SY, Benhamou PY, Bequette BW, Blevins T, Breton MD, Castle JR, Chase JG, Chen KY, Choudhary P, Clements MA, Close KL, Cook CB, Danne T, Doyle FJ 3rd, Drincic A, Dungan KM, Edelman SV, Ejskjaer N, Espinoza JC, Fleming GA, Forlenza GP, Freckmann G, Galindo RJ, Gomez AM, Gutow HA, Heinemann L, Hirsch IB, Hoang TD, Hovorka R, Jendle JH, Ji L, Joshi SR, Joubert M, Koliwad SK, Lal RA, Lansang MC, Lee WA, Leelarathna L, Leiter LA, Lind M, Litchman ML, Mader JK, Mahoney KM, Mankovsky B, Masharani U, Mathioudakis NN, Mayorov A, Messler J, Miller JD, Mohan V, Nichols JH, Nørgaard K, O'Neal DN, Pasquel FJ, Philis-Tsimikas A, Pieber T, Phillip M, Polonsky WH, Pop-Busui R, Rayman G, Rhee EJ, Russell SJ, Shah VN, Sherr JL, Sode K, Spanakis EK, Wake DJ, Waki K, Wallia A, Weinberg ME, Wolpert H, Wright EE, Zilbermint M, Kovatchev B. A Glycemia Risk Index (GRI) of Hypoglycemia and Hyperglycemia for Continuous Glucose Monitoring Validated by Clinician Ratings. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2023 Sep;17(5):1226-1242. PubMed PMID: 35348391
• Levy CJ, Bailey R, Laffel LM, Forlenza G, DiMeglio LA, Hughes MS, Brown SA, Aleppo G, Bhargava A, Shah VN, Clements MA, Kipnes M, Bruggeman B, Daniels M, Rodriguez H, Calhoun P, Lum JW, Sasson-Katchalski R, Pinsker JE, Pollom R, Beck RW. Multicenter Evaluation of Ultra-Rapid Lispro Insulin with Control-IQ Technology in Adults, Adolescents, and Children with Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2024 Sep;26(9):652-660. PubMed PMID: 38696672
• Messer LH, Berget C, Centi S, Mcnair B, Forlenza GP. Evaluation of a New Clinical Tool to Enhance Clinical Care of Control-IQ Users. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2023 Nov;17(6):1602-1609. PubMed PMID: 35227129
• Forlenza GP, Tabatabai I, Lewis DM. Point-Counterpoint: The Need for Do-It-Yourself (DIY) Open Source (OS) AID Systems in Type 1 Diabetes Management. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2024 Oct;26(10):689-699. PubMed PMID: 38669472
• Commissariat PV, DiMeglio LA, Kanapka LG, Laffel LM, Miller KM, Anderson BJ, Hilliard ME. Twelve-month psychosocial outcomes of continuous glucose monitoring with behavioural support in parents of young children with type 1 diabetes. Diabet Med. 2023 Aug;40(8):e15120. PubMed PMID: 37083018
• Castellanos LE, Russell SJ, Damiano ER, Beck RW, Shah VN, Bailey R, Calhoun P, Bird K, Mauras N. The Insulin-Only Bionic Pancreas Improves Glycemic Control in Non-Hispanic White and Minority Adults and Children With Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2023 Jun 1;46(6):1185-1190. PubMed PMID: 37000680
• Forlenza GP, Sherr JL. Response to: MiniMed 780G System Outperforms Other Automated Insulin Systems Due to Algorithm Design, Not Bias-Response to Inaccurate Allegations. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2024 Oct;26(10):785-786. PubMed PMID: 38512386
• Waterman LA, Pyle L, Forlenza GP, Towers L, Karami AJ, Jost E, Berget C, Wadwa RP, Cobry EC. Accuracy of a Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitor in Pediatric Diabetic Ketoacidosis Admissions. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2024 Sep;26(9):626-632. PubMed PMID: 38441904
• Forlenza GP, Dai Z, Niu F, Shin JJ. Reducing Diabetes Burden in Medtronic's Automated Insulin Delivery Systems. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2024 Mar;26(S3):7-16. PubMed PMID: 38377321
• Forlenza GP, DeSalvo DJ, Aleppo G, Wilmot EG, Berget C, Huyett LM, Hadjiyianni I, Méndez JJ, Conroy LR, Ly TT, Sherr JL. Real-World Evidence of Omnipod(®) 5 Automated Insulin Delivery System Use in 69,902 People with Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2024 Aug;26(8):514-525. PubMed PMID: 38375861
• DeSalvo DJ, Bode BW, Forlenza GP, Laffel LM, Buckingham BA, Criego AB, Schoelwer M, MacLeish SA, Sherr JL, Hansen DW, Ly TT. Glycemic Outcomes Persist for up to 2 Years in Very Young Children with the Omnipod(®) 5 Automated Insulin Delivery System. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2024 Jun;26(6):383-393. PubMed PMID: 38277156
• Cobry EC, Pyle L, Waterman LA, Forlenza GP, Towers L, Karami AJ, Jost E, Berget C, Wadwa RP. Accuracy of a Continuous Glucose Monitor During Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes Inpatient Admissions. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2024 Feb;26(2):119-124. PubMed PMID: 38194229
• Shah VN, Kanapka LG, Akturk HK, Polsky S, Forlenza GP, Kollman C, Beck RW, Snell-Bergeon JK. Time in Range Is Associated with Incident Diabetic Retinopathy in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes: A Longitudinal Study. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2024 Apr;26(4):246-251. PubMed PMID: 38133643
• Galindo RJ, Aleppo G, Parkin CG, Baidal DA, Carlson AL, Cengiz E, Forlenza GP, Kruger DF, Levy C, McGill JB, Umpierrez GE. Increase Access, Reduce Disparities: Recommendations for Modifying Medicaid CGM Coverage Eligibility Criteria. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2024 Jul;18(4):974-987. PubMed PMID: 36524477
• Criego AB, Carlson AL, Brown SA, Forlenza GP, Bode BW, Levy CJ, Hansen DW, Hirsch IB, Bergenstal RM, Sherr JL, Mehta SN, Laffel LM, Shah VN, Bhargava A, Weinstock RS, MacLeish SA, DeSalvo DJ, Jones TC, Aleppo G, Buckingham BA, Ly TT. Two Years with a Tubeless Automated Insulin Delivery System: A Single-Arm Multicenter Trial in Children, Adolescents, and Adults with Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2024 Jan;26(1):11-23. PubMed PMID: 37850941

Professional Memberships

• American Academy of Pediatrics, Member
• Pediatric Endocrine Society, Member
• The Endocrine Society, Member
• American Diabetes Association, Member
• The Society for Pediatric Research, Member
• International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes, Member

Practice Locations

Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes Pediatric Clinic - CU Anschutz Medical Campus
1775 Aurora Ct
Suite A140
Aurora, CO 80045
303-724-2323

Children's Colorado Health Pavilion
860 N Potomac Cir
Aurora, CO 80111
720-777-1234

Children's Hospital Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
13123 East 16th Ave
Aurora, CO 80045
720-777-1234

Hospital Affiliation

• Children's Hospital Colorado
• University of Colorado Hospital

Center Affiliations

• Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes

Specialty Information

Specialties

• Pediatrics, Board Certification (2010)
• Pediatric Endocrinology, Board Certification (2017)

Conditions & Treatments

• Endocrine System (Hormones)
• Child and Teen Health - Juvenile Diabetes
• Child and Teen Health