Steve Moulton, MD

Professional Titles

• Director, Burn Program
• Director, Trauma Program

Research Interests

Publications

• Houston M, Cassabaum V, Matzick S, Rapstine T, Terry S, Uribe P, Harwood J, Moulton SL. Teen traffic safety campaign: competition is the key. J Trauma 2010;68: 511-514.
• Wood JH, Partrick DA, Bruny JL, Moulton SL. Operative versus non-operative management of blunt pancreatic trauma in children. J Ped Surg 2010;45: 401-406.
• Gaynor M, Myung D, Restuccia J, Moulton S. Defining infrastructure to exchange electronic medical records with web services. Int J Biomed Eng Tech 2010;3: 393-412.
• Moulton SL, Haley-Andrews S, Mulligan J. Emerging Technologies for Pediatric and Adult Trauma Care. Curr Opin Peds 2010; 22:332–338
• Convertino VA, Moulton SL, Grudic GZ, Rickards C, Hinojosa-Laborde C, Gerhardt RT, Blackbourne LH, Ryan KL. Use of Avanced Machine-Learning Techniques for Noninvasive Monitoring of Hemorrhage. J Trauma (accepted for publication).
• Convertino VA, Moulton SL, Grudic GZ, Rickards CA, Hinojosa-Laborde C, Ryan KL. Use of advanced machine-learning techniques for non-invasive monitoring of hemorrhage . In: NATO Research and Technology Organization. Symposium on “Use of Advanced Technologies and New Procedures in Medical Field Operations (HFM-182 in 2010)
• Reiter P, Moulton SL. Pediatric Critical Care: Pharmacology. In: Ziegler MM, Azizkhan RG, Weber T, MD, von Allmen D. Operative Pediatric Surgery 2011 (To be published in 2011)
• Moulton SL, Mulligan J, Convertino VA. Pediatric Critical Care: Advanced hemodynanic monitoring. In: Ziegler MM, Azizkhan RG, Weber T, MD, von Allmen D. Operative Pediatric Surgery 2011 (To be published in 2011)
• Convertino VA, Moulton SL, Grudic GZ, Rickards C, Hinojosa-Laborde C, Gerhardt RT, Blackbourne LH, Ryan KL. Use of Advanced Machine-Learning Techniques for Noninvasive Monitoring of Hemorrhage. J Trauma 2011;71:S25-S32.
• Henry I, Bernstein D, Banet M, Mulligan J, Moulton S, Grudic G, Convertino V. Body-Worn, Non- Invasive Sensor for Monitoring Stroke Volume, Cardiac Output and Cardiovascular Reserve. Published in Refereed Conference Proceedings, Wireless Health 2011
• Muniz GW, Wampler DA, Manifold CA, Grudic GZ, Moulton SL, Gerhardt RT, Convertino VA. Promoting early diagnosis of hemodynamic instability during simulated hemorrhage with the use of a real-time decision-assist algorithm. J Trauma in press.
• Vansickle C, Schafer K, Grudic GZ, Mulligan J, Moulton SL, Convertino VA. Evidence for an improved ‘shock index’ for real-time assessment of patient status during progressive simulated hemorrhage. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine in press.
• Reiter P, Moulton SL. Pediatric Critical Care: Pharmacology. In: Ziegler MM, Azizkhan RG, Weber T, MD, von Allmen D. Operative Pediatric Surgery. To be published April 2013.
• Moulton SL, Mulligan J, Convertino VA. Pediatric Critical Care: Advanced hemodynanic monitoring. In: Ziegler MM, Azizkhan RG, Weber T, MD, von Allmen D. Operative Pediatric Surgery. To be published April 2013.
• Muniz GW, Wampler DA, Manifold CA, Grudic GZ, Moulton SL, Gerhardt RT, Convertino VA. Promoting early diagnosis of hemodynamic instability during simulated hemorrhage with the use of a real-time decision-assist algorithm. J Trauma 2013;75(2):S184-S189.
• Vansickle C, Schafer K, Grudic GZ, Mulligan J, Moulton SL, Convertino VA. Evidence for an improved ‘shock index’ for real-time assessment of patient status during progressive simulated hemorrhage. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine 2013 Sep;84(9):913-20
• Convertino VA, Mulligan J, Grudic G, Moulton SL. Estimation of Individual-specific Progression to Impending Cardiovascular Instability Using Arterial Waveforms. J Appl Phys 2013;115(8): 1196-1202.
• Moulton SL, Mulligan J, Grudic GZ, Convertino VA. Running on empty? The compensatory reserve index. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2013;75:1053-1059.
• Stewart CL, Holscher CM, Moore EE, Moulton SL, Partrick DA, Bensard DD. Base deficit is a predictor of mortality in pediatric abusive head trauma. J Pediatr Surg. 2013;48:2106-2111
• Stewart CL, Holscher CM, Moore EE, Moulton SL, Partrick DA, Bensard DD. Base deficit is a predictor of mortality in pediatric abusive head trauma. 8th Annual Academic Surgical Congress, 2/5/13, New Orleans, LA.
• CM Holscher CM, Stewart CL, Burlew CC, Peltz ED, Haenel JB, Moulton SL, Moore EE, Bensard DD. Early tracheostomy benefits injured children requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation. Southwestern Surgical Conference. Santa Barbara, CA, 3/24/- 27/13
• Stewart, CL, Moscariello MA, Hansen KW, Moulton SL. Infant car safety seats and risk of head injury. Accepted American Pediatric Surgical Association meeting, 5/2/13, Marco Island, FL
• Moulton SL, Mulligan J, Srikiatkhachorn A, Kalayanarooj S, Grudic GZ, Green S, Gibbons RV, Muniz GW, Rothman AL, Thomas SJ, Convertino VA. Noninvasive Method for Fluid Resuscitating Monitoring in Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever: A Preliminary Report. The Third International Conference on Dengue and Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever, 10.23.13, Bangkok, Thailand
• Stewart CL, Mulligan J, Grudic GZ, Bronsert M, Talley M, Moulton SL. A machine-based method to anticipate intradialytic morbid events. American Society of Nephrology, 11/7/13, Atlanta, GA.
• Stewart CL, Moscariell MA, Hansen KW, Moulton SL. Infant car safety seats and risk of head injury. J Pediatr Surg 2014;49:193-197
• Stewart MS, Dietz RM, Landman MP, Moulton SL, Wright CJ. Abdominal Radiograph with Intra-vesical Air and Small Bowel Atresia. J Peds 2014;164(5):1238-1238
• Holscher CM, Stewart CL, Peltz ED, Cothren-Burlew C, Moulton SL, Haenel JB, Bensard DD. Early tracheostomy improves outcomes in severely injured children. J Pedi Surg 2014; 49(4):590-2
• Stewart CM, Mulligan J, Grudic GZ, Convertino VA, Moulton SL. Noninvasive detection of low volume blood loss: the compensatory reserve index versus traditional vital signs. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2014:77:892-898.
• Stewart CL, Smith DS, Moulton SL. The value of child restraint inspection stations. J Surg Res 2014; 186(2): 660-4
• Wibbenmeyer L, Gittelman MA, Kluesner K, Liao J, Xing Y, Faraklas I, Anyan W, Gamero C, Moulton SL, et al. A multicenter study of preventable contact burns from glass fronted gas fireplaces. J Burn Care Res 2015;36(1): 240-245
• Moulton SL, Mulligan J, Convertino VA. Pediatric Critical Care: Advanced hemodynamic monitoring. In: Ziegler MM, Azizkhan RG, Weber T, MD, von Allmen D. McGraw-Hill, New York, Operative Pediatric Surgery, 2nd edition 2014, pp 80-83
• Reiter P, Moulton SL. Pediatric Critical Care: Pharmacology. In: Ziegler MM, Azizkhan RG, Weber T, MD, von Allmen D. McGraw-Hill, New York, Operative Pediatric Surgery, 2nd edition 2014, pp 88-104.
• Eun JC, Kile DA, Hansen KA, Moulton SL, Jazaeri O, Nehler M, Greenberg JI. Vascular Injury Is Associated With Increased Mortality In Winter Sports Trauma. Peripheral Vascular Surgery Society, 1/31/14-2/2/14, Steamboat Springs, CO (Oral presentation)
• Stewart CL, Smith DS, Moulton SL. The value of child restraint inspection stations. 9th Academic Surgical Congress, 2/6/14, San Diego, CA (Oral presentation).
• Stewart CM, Mulligan J, Grudic GZ, Convertino VA, Moulton SL. Noninvasive detection of low volume blood loss: the compensatory reserve index versus traditional vital signs. Western Trauma Association meeting, 3/4/14, Steamboat Springs, CO (Oral presentation).
• Stewart CL, Tong S, Moulton SL. Helicopter versus ground transportation of traumatically injured Children: a national trauma data bank study. 66th Southwestern Surgical Congress, 4/16/14, Scottsdale, AZ (Oral presentation)
• Stewart CL, Mulligan J, Grudic GZ, Pyle L, Moulton SL. A non-invasive computational method for fluid resuscitation monitoring in pediatric burns: a preliminary report American Burn Association meeting, 3/28/14, Boston, MA (Oral presentation).
• Stewart CL, Metzger RR, Pyle L, Darmofal J, Scaife, Moulton SL. Helicopter versus Ground Emergency Medical Services for Transportation of Traumatically Injured Children. Western Pediatric Trauma Association, 7/10/14, San Diego, CA
• Stewart CL, Pyle L, Smith DS, Bensard DD, Moulton SL. Mapping Pediatric Trauma Events to Target Prevention, Education, and Outreach. American Academy of Pediatrics, 10/13/14, San Diego, CA.
• Stewart CL, Convertino VA, Mulligan J, Grudic GZ, Moulton SL. Use of a Novel Machine Learning Algorithm to Anticipate Hemodynamic Instability in Young Adults. Accepted 2014 Special Operations Medical Association’s Scientific Assembly and Exhibition. Tampa, FL, 12/9/14 (Poster presentation)
• Eun JC, Kile DA, Hansen KA, Moulton SL, Jazaeri O, Nehler M, Greenberg JI. Vascular Injury Is Associated With Increased Mortality In Winter Sports Trauma. Ann Vasc Surg 2015;29(1):109-13.
• Stewart CL, Nawn CD, Mulligan J, Grudic G, Moulton SL, Convertino VA. Compensatory Reserve for Early and Accurate Prediction of Hemodynamic Compromise: Case Studies for Clinical Utility in Acute Care and Physical Performance. J Spec Oper Med. 2016 Spring;16(1):6-13. PubMed PMID: 27045488
• Stewart CL, Mulligan J, Grudic GZ, Talley ME, Jurkovich GJ, Moulton SL. The Compensatory Reserve Index Following Injury: Results of a Prospective Clinical Trial. Shock. 2016 Sep;46(3 Suppl 1):61-7. PubMed PMID: 27172155
• Moulton SL, Mulligan J, Srikiatkhachorn A, Kalayanarooj S, Grudic GZ, Green S, Gibbons RV, Muniz GW, Hinojosa-Laborde C, Rothman AL, Thomas SJ, Convertino VA. State-of-the-Art Monitoring in the Treatment of Dengue Shock Syndrome: A Case Series. J Med Case Rep. 2016 Aug 24;10(1):233. doi: 10.1186/s13256-016-1019-z.
• Stewart C, Acker SN, Pyle L, Smith D, Bensard DD, Moulton SL. Mapping Pediatric Injuries to Target Prevention, Education, and Outreach. Published on-line 12/30/16. J Pediatr Surg
• Wibbenmeyer L, Gittelman MA, Kluesner K, Liao J, Xing Y, Faraklas I, Anyan W, Gamero C, Moulton SL, et al. A multicenter study of preventable contact burns from glass fronted gas fireplaces. J Burn Care Res 2015;36(1): 240-245.
• Milan M, Jhajj S, Stewart C, Pyle L, Moulton SL. Helmet Use and Injury Severity Among Pediatric Skiers and Snowboarders. J Pediatr Surg 2017;52:349-53.
• Stewart C, Acker SN, Pyle L, Smith D, Bensard DD, Moulton SL. Mapping Pediatric Injuries to Target Prevention, Education, and Outreach. J Pediatr Surg 2017;52(8):1287-1291.
• Moulton SL, Mulligan J, Santoro MA, Bui K, Grudic GZ, MacLeod D. Validation of a non-invasive monitor to continuously trend individual responses to hypovolemia. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery 2017 Jul;83(1 Suppl 1) S104-S111.
• Stewart CL, Mulligan J, Grudic GZ, Pyle L, Moulton SL. A Non-Invasive Computational Method for Fluid Resuscitation Monitoring in Pediatric Burns: A Preliminary Report. J Burn Care Res 2015;36(1):145-150. PMID: 25383980
• Stewart CL, Metzger RR, Pyle L, Darmofal J, Scaife, Moulton SL. Helicopter versus Ground Emergency Medical Services for Transportation of Traumatically Injured Children. J Pediatric Surg 2015;50(2):347-52.
• Choi YM, Leopold D, Campbell K, Mulligan J, Grudic GZ, Moulton SL. Non-invasive monitoring of physiologic compromise in acute appendicitis: new insight into an old disease. J Pediatr Surg 2018;53, 241-246.
• Choi YM, Campbell K, Levek C, Recicar J, Moulton S. Antibiotic ointment versus a silver-based dressing for children with extremity burns: A randomized controlled study. J Pediatr Surg 2018 Jun 18. PMID: 29983189 (epub ahead of print).
• Burlew CC, Sumislawski JJ, Behnfield CD, McNutt MK, McCarthy J, Sharpe JP, et al. Time to stroke: a Western Trauma Association multi-center study of blunt cerebrovascular injuries. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2018 Nov;85(5):858-866.
• Choi YM, Nederveld C, Milan M, Campbell K, Moulton SL. A Soft Casting Technique for Managing Pediatric Hand and Foot Burns 2018 Aug 17;39(5):760-765.
• Choi YM, Jacobson R, Hayes KL, Kobak G, Moulton SL. Model to estimate abdominal wall thickness in children undergoing placement or replacement of gastrostomy devices. 2018 Sep 13 [Epub ahead of print].
• Bennett V, Lindberg D, Bajaj L, Mullen S, Kemp A, Nuttall D, Moulton SL, Maguire S. First aid for children’s burns in the US and UK: An urgent call to establish and promote international standards. Accepted for publication in Burns 2018 Sep 25 [Epub ahead of print].
• Choi YM, Smith D, Moulton SL. Sun heated surfaces are an environmental hazard for young children. Perspectives in Public Health [accepted for publication].
• Convertino VA, Howard JT, Hinojosa-Laborde C, Cardin S, Batchelder P, Mulligan J, Grudic GZ, Moulton SL, MacLeod DB. Individual-specific, beat-to-beat trending of significant human blood loss: the compensatory reserve. Shock 2015;44 Suppl 1:27-32.
• Stewart C, Mulligan J, Grudic G, Talley M, Jurkovich G, Convertino V, Moulton SL. Noninvasive detection of acute volume loss and fluid resuscitation in trauma patients: Results of a prospective clinical trial. Shock 2015:43(Suppl 1);72.
• Carter K, Moulton SL. Pediatric abdominal injury patterns caused by “falls”: a comparison between non-accidental and accidental trauma. J Pedi Surg (in press 2016).
• Stewart CL, Convertino VA, Nawn CD, Mulligan J, Grudic GZ, Moulton SL. The Compensatory Reserve for Early and Accurate Prediction of Hemodynamic Compromise: Case Studies for Clinical Utility in Acute Care and Physical Performance. J Spec Ops Med (in press 2016).
• Shahi N, Phillips R, Meier M, Smith D, Leopold D, Recicar J, Moulton S. The True Cost of Child Abuse at a Level 1 Pediatric Trauma Center. J Pediatr Surg. 2019 Nov 1. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 31744603
• Shahi N, Phillips R, Meier M, Nehler M, Jacobs D, Recicar J, Bensard D, Moulton S. Anti-coagulation management in pediatric traumatic vascular injuries. J Pediatr Surg. 2019 Oct 31. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 31732119
• Phillips R, Acker SN, Shahi N, Meier M, Leopold D, Recicar J, Kulungowski A, Patrick D, Moulton S, Bensard D. The ABC-D score improves the sensitivity in predicting need for massive transfusion in pediatric trauma patients. J Pediatr Surg. 2019 Nov 1. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 31718872
• Leopold DK, Phillips RC, Shahi N, Gien J, Marwan AI, Kinsella JP, Mulligan J, Liechty KW, Moulton SL. Low Postnatal CRI Values Are Associated with the Need for ECMO in Newborns with CDH. J Pediatr Surg. 2019 Oct 25. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 31679772
• Acker SN, Hill LRS, Bensard DD, Moulton S, Partrick DA. The benefits of limiting scheduled blood draws in children with a blunt liver or spleen injury. J Pediatr Surg. 2019 May 16. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 31133284
• Choi YM, Chopra T, Smith D, Moulton S. Sun heated surfaces are an environmental hazard for young children. Perspect Public Health. 2019 Sep;139(5):264-270. PubMed PMID: 30920359
• Choi YM, Campbell K, Hayes K, Jacobson R, Kobak G, Moulton S. Model to estimate abdominal wall thickness in children undergoing placement or replacement of gastrostomy devices. J Pediatr Surg. 2019 Apr;54(4):707-711. PubMed PMID: 30482537
• Choi YM, Campbell K, Levek C, Recicar J, Moulton S. Antibiotic ointment versus a silver-based dressing for children with extremity burns: A randomized controlled study. J Pediatr Surg. 2019 Jul;54(7):1391-1396. PubMed PMID: 29983189
• Bennett CV, Maguire S, Nuttall D, Lindberg DM, Moulton S, Bajaj L, Kemp AM, Mullen S. First aid for children's burns in the US and UK: An urgent call to establish and promote international standards. Burns. 2019 Mar;45(2):440-449. PubMed PMID: 30266196
• Choi YM, Moulton SL. Making the Diagnosis: the Use of Clinical Features and Scoring Systems. In: Controversies in Pediatric Appendicitis 1st ed. Hunter CJ. Springer Nature Switzerland 2019, pp 13-22.
• Phillips R, Shahi N, Shirek G, Stevens J, Meier M, Recicar J, Lindberg DM, Kim J, Moulton S. Meaningful viscoelastic abnormalities in abusive and non-abusive pediatric trauma. J Pediatr Surg. 2020 Oct 25. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 33280852
• Shahi N, Shahi AK, Phillips R, Shirek G, Bensard D, Moulton SL. Decision-making in pediatric blunt solid organ injury: a deep learning approach to predict massive transfusion, need for operative management, and mortality risk. J Pediatr Surg. 2020 Oct 24. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 33218680
• Shahi N, Shirek G, Pickett K, Schwartz A, Shoop J, Phillips R, Workman R, Kaplan D, Pitula C, Moulton S. A Pilot Study using the Compensatory Reserve Index to evaluate individuals with Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia syndrome. Cardiol Young. 2020 Dec;30(12):1833-1839. PubMed PMID: 32993834
• Shahi N, Phillips R, Rodenburg C, Meier M, Shirek G, Recicar J, Moulton S, Bensard D. Combining Cribari matrix and Need For Trauma Intervention (NFTI) to accurately assess undertriage in pediatric trauma. J Pediatr Surg. 2020 Aug 22. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 32951889
• Shahi N, Phillips R, Acker SN, Meier M, Goldsmith A, Shirek G, Ladd P, Moulton SL, Bensard D. Enough is enough: Radiation doses in children with gastrojejunal tubes. J Pediatr Surg. 2020 Aug 15. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 32921427
• Phillips R, Shahi N, Bensard D, Meier M, Shirek G, Goldsmith A, Recicar J, Haasz M, Schroeppel T, Moulton S. Guns, scalpels, and sutures: The cost of gunshot wounds in children and adolescents. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2020 Sep;89(3):558-564. PubMed PMID: 32833412
• Shahi N, Skillman HE, Phillips R, Cooper EH, Shirek GP, Goldsmith A, Meier MR, Kaizer AM, Recicar JF, Banks A, Moulton SL. Why delay? Early Enteral Nutrition in Pediatric Burn Patients Improves Outcomes. J Burn Care Res. 2020 Aug 18. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 32810219
• Shahi N, Phillips R, Meier M, Shirek G, Goldsmith A, Soden JS, Kaufman J, Moulton S. The Nissen Unwrapped: Predictors and Outcomes of Nissen Fundoplication in Congenital Heart Disease. J Surg Res. 2020 Jul 23;256:251-257. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 32712438
• Phillips R, Acker S, Shahi N, Shirek G, Meier M, Goldsmith A, Recicar J, Moulton S, Bensard D. The shock index, pediatric age-adjusted (SIPA) enhanced: Prehospital and emergency department SIPA values forecast transfusion needs for blunt solid organ injured children. Surgery. 2020 Oct;168(4):690-694. PubMed PMID: 32660865
• Ehrmann DE, Leopold DK, Phillips R, Shahi N, Campbell K, Ross M, Zablah JE, Moulton SL, Morgan G, Kim JS. The Compensatory Reserve Index Responds to Acute Hemodynamic Changes in Patients with Congenital Heart Disease: A Proof of Concept Study. Pediatr Cardiol. 2020 Aug;41(6):1190-1198. PubMed PMID: 32474738
• Shahi N, Meier M, Phillips R, Shirek G, Goldsmith A, Recicar J, Zuk J, Bielsky A, Yaster M, Moulton S. Pain Management for Pediatric Burns in the Outpatient Setting: A Changing Paradigm?. J Burn Care Res. 2020 Jul 3;41(4):814-819. PubMed PMID: 32303748
• Bernard M, Martin MJ, Corsa J, Robinson B, Zeeshan M, Joseph B, Morris D, Shillinglaw W, Schurr M, Smith T, Lara S, Brown C, Harrell K, Maxwell R, Berndtson AE, Curry T, Kaups K, Dirks R, Rott M, Schroeppel T, Stillman Z, Warriner Z, Inaba K, Burlew C, Robinson C, Jackson R, Dunn J, Chapin T, Wilson A, Moulton S, Phillips R, Shahi N, Urban S, Velopulos C, Davenport D, C Bernard A. Into the wild and on to the table: A Western Trauma Association multicenter analysis and comparison of wilderness falls in rock climbers and nonclimbers. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2020 Sep;89(3):570-575. PubMed PMID: 32265389
• Shahi N, Phillips R, Meier M, Smith D, Leopold D, Recicar J, Moulton S. The true cost of child abuse at a level 1 pediatric trauma center. J Pediatr Surg. 2020 Feb;55(2):335-340. PubMed PMID: 31744603
• Shahi N, Phillips R, Meier M, Nehler M, Jacobs D, Recicar J, Bensard D, Moulton S. Anti-coagulation management in pediatric traumatic vascular injuries. J Pediatr Surg. 2020 Feb;55(2):324-330. PubMed PMID: 31732119
• Phillips R, Acker SN, Shahi N, Meier M, Leopold D, Recicar J, Kulungowski A, Patrick D, Moulton S, Bensard D. The ABC-D score improves the sensitivity in predicting need for massive transfusion in pediatric trauma patients. J Pediatr Surg. 2020 Feb;55(2):331-334. PubMed PMID: 31718872
• Leopold DK, Phillips RC, Shahi N, Gien J, Marwan AI, Kinsella JP, Mulligan J, Liechty KW, Moulton SL. Low postnatal CRI values are associated with the need for ECMO in newborns with CDH. J Pediatr Surg. 2020 Jan;55(1):39-44. PubMed PMID: 31679772
• Acker SN, Hill LRS, Bensard DD, Moulton S, Partrick DA. The benefits of limiting scheduled blood draws in children with a blunt liver or spleen injury. J Pediatr Surg. 2020 Jul;55(7):1219-1223. PubMed PMID: 31133284
• Ehrmann DE, Leopold DK, Campbell K, Silveira L, Gist KM, Phillips R, Shahi N, Moulton SL, Kim JS. Lessons Learned From the First Pilot Study of the Compensatory Reserve Index After Congenital Heart Surgery Requiring Cardiopulmonary Bypass. World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg. 2021 Mar;12(2):176-184. PubMed PMID: 33684010
• Shahi N, Phillips R, Meier M, Shirek G, Goldsmith A, Soden JS, Kaufman J, Moulton S. Gastrostomy Button Placement in Infants With Cyanotic Versus Acyanotic Congenital Heart Disease. J Surg Res. 2021 Mar;259:407-413. PubMed PMID: 33616074
• Shahi N, Phillips R, Meier M, Shirek G, Choi YM, Acker SN, Bensard D, Moulton S. Comparison of non-invasive physiological assessment tools between simple and perforated appendicitis in children. Pediatr Surg Int. 2021 Jul;37(7):851-857. PubMed PMID: 33783635
• Phillips R, Meier M, Shahi N, Acker S, Reppucci M, Shirek G, Recicar J, Moulton S, Bensard D. Elevated pediatric age-adjusted shock-index (SIPA) in blunt solid organ injuries. J Pediatr Surg. 2021 Feb;56(2):401-404. PubMed PMID: 33358417
• Shahi N, Phillips RC, Rodenburg C, Meier M, Shirek GP, Recicar JF, Moulton SL, Bensard DD. Combining Cribari Matrix and Need For Trauma Intervention (NFTI) to Accurately Assess Under Triage in Pediatric Trauma. J Pediatr Surg 2021 Aug;56(8):1401-1404
• Shahi N, Skillman HE, Phillips RC, Cooper EH, Shirek GP, Goldsmith A, Meier MR, Kaizer AM, Recicar JF, Banks A, Moulton SL. Why delay? Early Enteral Nutrition in Pediatric Burn Patients Improves Outcomes. J Burn Care Res 2021;42(2):171-176
• Shahi N, Phillips RC, Acker SN, Meier M, Goldsmith A, Shirek GP, Ladd P, Moulton SL, Bensard DD. Enough is Enough: Radiation Doses in Children with Gastro-jejunal Tubes. J Pediatr Surg 2021;56(4):668-673
• Shahi N, Phillips RC, Meier M, Poyastro G, Goldsmith A, Soden J, Kaufman J, Moulton SL. Gastrostomy Button Placement in Infants with Cyanotic versus Acyanotic Congenital Heart Disease. J Surg Res 2021;259(3):407-413
• Reppucci ML, Stevens J, Pickett K, Bensard DD, Moulton SL. Pediatric Cardiac and Great Vessel Injuries: Recent Experience at Two Pediatric Trauma Centers. J Pediatr Surg, accepted for publication.
• Phillips RC, Meier M, Shahi N, Acker S, Reppucci ML, Shirek G, Recicar JF, Moulton SL, Bensard DD. Elevated pediatric age adjusted shock-index (SIPA) in blunt solid organ injuries. J Pediatr Surg 2021;56(2):401-404
• Shahi N, Shahi AK, Phillips RC, Shirek G, Bensard DD, Moulton SL. Decision-Making in Pediatric Blunt Solid Organ Injury: A Deep Learning Approach to Predict Massive Transfusion, Need for Operative Management, and Mortality Risk. J Pediatr Surg 2021;56(2):379-384
• Ehrmann D, Leopold D, Campbell K, Silveira L, Gist K, Phillips RC, Shahi N, Moulton SL, Kim J. Lessons learned from the first pilot study of the compensatory reserve index after congenital heart surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass. World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg. 2021 Mar;12(2):176-184
• Shahi N, Phillips RC, Meier M, Shirek G, Choi YM, Acker SN, Bensard DD, Moulton SL. Comparison of Physiological Assessment Tools between Simple and Perforated Appendicitis in Children. Pediatr Surg Int 2021;37(7):851-857
• Reppucci ML, Stevens J, Cooper E, Nolan MM, Jujare S, Acker SN, Moulton SL, Bensard DD. Use of reverse shock index times Glasgow coma scale (rSIG) to determine need for transfer of pediatric trauma patients to higher levels of care. J Pediatr Surg. 2022 Oct 23. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 36400606
• Nolan MM, Reppucci ML, Urban A, Kierulf G, Fields T, Boulter T, Drelles A, Moulton SL. A Single Institution's Recent Experience with Pediatric Hand Burns. J Burn Care Res. 2022 Nov 17. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 36394415
• Stevens J, Pickett K, Reppucci ML, Nolan M, Moulton SL. National trends in pediatric firearm and automobile fatalities. J Pediatr Surg. 2022 Sep 26. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 36307297
• Stevens J, Reppucci ML, Mironuck T, Nolan MM, Choi YM, Moulton SL. A precision-designed gastrostomy button securement device. J Pediatr Surg. 2022 Sep 26. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 36283851
• Shahi N, Shahi AK, Phillips RC, Shirek G, Lindberg DM, Moulton SL. Using Deep Learning and Natural Language Processing Models to Detect Child Physical Abuse. J Pediatr Surg. Published online March 18, 2021 ahead of print
• Reppucci ML, Tong S, Simon SL, Nolan MM, Jujare S, Moulton SL, Kaar JL. Factors associated with new mental health diagnoses and resource utilization among pediatric patients following trauma admission. J Pediatr Surg. 2022 Sep 24. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 36273919
• Reppucci ML, Stevens J, Cooper E, Meier M, Phillips R, Shahi N, Nolan M, Acker SN, Moulton SL, Bensard DD. Discreet Values of Shock Index Pediatric Age-Adjusted (SIPA) to Predict Intervention in Children With Blunt Organ Injuries. J Surg Res. 2022 Nov;279:17-24. PubMed PMID: 35716446
• Trieu HT, Khanh LP, Ming DKY, Quang CH, Phan TQ, Van VCN, Deniz E, Mulligan J, Wills BA, Moulton S, Yacoub S. The compensatory reserve index predicts recurrent shock in patients with severe dengue. BMC Med. 2022 Apr 7;20(1):109. PubMed PMID: 35387649
• Stevens J, Reppucci ML, Acker S, Bensard D, Moulton SL. Reply to Letter to the Editor: Pediatric massive transfusion protocols applied to intraoperative complications of common pediatric surgeries. J Pediatr Surg. 2022 Jun;57(6):1172. PubMed PMID: 35221035
• Reppucci ML, Stevens J, Pickett K, Moulton SL. Reply to Letter to the Editor: Pediatric massive transfusion protocols applied to intraoperative complications of common pediatric surgeries. J Pediatr Surg. 2022 Jun;57(6):1173. PubMed PMID: 35221033
• Reppucci ML, Stevens J, Pickett K, Bensard DD, Moulton SL. Pediatric cardiac and great vessel injuries: Recent experience at two pediatric trauma centers. J Pediatr Surg. 2022 Jul;57(7):1358-1362. PubMed PMID: 34955290
• Reppucci ML, Acker SN, Cooper E, Meier M, Stevens J, Phillips R, Moulton SL, Bensard DD. Improved identification of severely injured pediatric trauma patients using reverse shock index multiplied by Glasgow Coma Scale. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2022 Jan 1;92(1):69-73. PubMed PMID: 34932042
• Stevens J, Reppucci ML, Meier M, Phillips R, Shahi N, Shirek G, Acker S, Bensard D, Moulton S. Pre-hospital and emergency department shock index pediatric age-adjusted (SIPA) "cut points" to identify pediatric trauma patients at risk for massive transfusion and/or mortality. J Pediatr Surg. 2022 Feb;57(2):302-307. PubMed PMID: 34753559
• Phillips RC, Moore H, Bensard DD, Shahi N, Shirek G, Meier M, Recicar JF, Acker S, Kim J, Moulton SL. It’s Time for TEG in Pediatric Trauma: Unveiling Meaningful Alterations in Children Who Undergo Massive Transfusion. Pediatr Surg Int 2021 Nov;37(11):1613-1620
• Reppucci ML, Pickett K, Stevens J, Phillips R, Recicar J, Annen K, Moulton SL. Massive transfusion in pediatric trauma-does more blood predict mortality?. J Pediatr Surg. 2022 Feb;57(2):308-313. PubMed PMID: 34736771
• Phillips RC, Shahi N, Acker S, Meier M, Shirek G, Recicar J, Moulton SL, Bensard DD. Not as Simple as ABC: Tools to Trigger Massive Transfusion in Pediatric Trauma. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2021 Sep 16, online ahead of print
• Harrell KN, Grimes AD, Albrecht RM, et al. Management of Blunt Traumatic Abdominal Wall Hernias: A Western Trauma Association Multicenter Study. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2021;91(5):834-40
• Stevens J, Pickett K, Moore H, Reppucci ML, Phillips RC, Moulton SL, Bensard DD. Thrombo-elastography and Transfusion Patterns in Severely Injured Pediatric Trauma Patients with Blunt Solid Organ Injuries. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2021, Aug 25, online ahead of print
• Steven J, Reppucci ML, Maxene M, Phillips RC, Shahi N, Shirek G, Bensard DD, Moulton SL. Pre-hospital and Emergency Department Shock Index Pediatric Age-Adjusted (SIPA) “Cut Points” to Identify Pediatric Trauma Patients at Risk for Massive Transfusion and/or Mortality. J Pediatr Surg 2021, Oct 9, online ahead of print
• Reppucci ML, Pickett K, Stevens J, Phillips RC, Recicar JF, Annen K, Moulton SL. Massive Transfusion in Pediatric Trauma – Does More Blood Predict Mortality? J Pediatr Surg 2021, Oct 8, online ahead of print
• Shahi N, Stevens J, Kaizer A, Phillips RC, Acker SN, Choi YM, Shirek G Bensard DD, Bruny J, Dannull K, Moulton SL. A Surgeon’s Predicament: Clinical Predictors Associated with Surgical Management and Mortality in Pediatric Patients with Typhlitis. J Pediatric Surg 2021, Sept 4, online ahead of print
• Shirek G, Phillips RC, Shahi N, Pickett K, Meier M, Recicar J, Moulton SL. To Give or Not to Give? Blood for Pediatric Trauma Patients Prior to Pediatric Trauma Center Arrival. Pediatr Surg Int 2021, Oct 4, online ahead of print
• Stevens J, Phillips RC, Meier M, Reppucci ML, Acker S, Shahi N, Shirek G, Bensard DD, Moulton SL. Novel Tool (BIS) Heralds the Need for Blood Transfusion and/or Failure of Nonoperative Management in Pediatric Blunt Liver and Spleen Injuries. J Pediatr Surg 2021, Oct 2, online ahead of print
• Reppucci ML, Acker SN, Cooper E, Meier M, Stevens J, Phillips RC, Moulton SL, Bensard DD. Improved identification of severely injured pediatric trauma patients using reverse shock index multiplied by Glasgow Coma Scale (rSIG). J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2021, accepted for publication
• Shirek G, Phillips R, Shahi N, Pickett K, Meier M, Recicar J, Moulton SL. To give or not to give? Blood for pediatric trauma patients prior to pediatric trauma center arrival. Pediatr Surg Int. 2022 Feb;38(2):285-293. PubMed PMID: 34605987
• Phillips R, Shahi N, Acker SN, Meier M, Shirek G, Stevens J, Recicar J, Moulton S, Bensard D. Not as simple as ABC: Tools to trigger massive transfusion in pediatric trauma. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2022 Feb 1;92(2):422-427. PubMed PMID: 34538826
• Stevens J, Phillips R, Meier M, Reppucci ML, Acker S, Shahi N, Shirek G, Bensard D, Moulton S. Novel tool (BIS) heralds the need for blood transfusion and/or failure of non-operative management in pediatric blunt liver and spleen injuries. J Pediatr Surg. 2022 Sep;57(9):202-207. PubMed PMID: 34756419
• Shahi N, Kaizer A, Stevens J, Phillips R, Acker SN, Choi YM, Shirek G, Bensard D, Bruny J, Dannull K, Moulton SL. A surgeon's predicament: Clinical predictors of surgery and mortality in neutropenic enterocolitis. J Pediatr Surg. 2022 Mar;57(3):443-449. PubMed PMID: 34635341
• Stevens J, Pickett K, Moore H, Reppucci ML, Phillips R, Moulton S, Bensard D. Thrombelastography and transfusion patterns in severely injured pediatric trauma patients with blunt solid organ injuries. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2022 Jan 1;92(1):152-158. PubMed PMID: 34446654
• Reppucci ML, Pickett K, Stevens J, Nolan MM, Moulton SL. Outcomes in Pediatric Trauma Patients Who Receive Blood Transfusion. J Surg Res. 2022 [E-pub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 36327705
• Harrell KN, Grimes AD, Gill H, Reynolds JK, Ueland WR, Sciarretta JD, Todd SR, Trust MD, Ngoue M, Thomas BW, Ayuso SA, LaRiccia A, Spalding MC, Collins MJ, Collier BR, Karam BS, de Moya MA, Lieser MJ, Chipko JM Jr, Haan JM, Lightwine KL, Cullinane DC, Falank CR, Phillips RC, Kemp MT, Alam HB, Udekwu PO, Sanin GD, Hildreth AN, Biffl WL, Schaffer KB, Marshall G, Muttalib O, Nahmias J, Shahi N, Moulton SL, Maxwell RA. A western trauma association multicenter comparison of mesh versus non-mesh repair of blunt traumatic abdominal wall hernias. Injury. 2023 Nov 14;55(2):111204. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 38039636
• Becher NA, Kierulf G, Bothwell S, Hills-Dunlap JL, Mandt M, Moulton SL. Interfacility Transport of Children with Traumatic Pneumothorax: Does Elevation Make a Difference?. J Pediatr Surg. 2023 Oct 21. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 37973415
• Reppucci ML, Rogerson JS, Pickett K, Kierstead S, Nolan MM, Moulton SL, Wood CL. Detection of Postpartum Hemorrhage Using Compensatory Reserve Index in Patients Undergoing Cesarean Delivery. Anesth Analg. 2023 Aug 8. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 37553083
• Reppucci ML, Cooper E, Stevens J, Meier M, Nolan MM, Moulton SL, Bensard DD, Acker SN. Comparison of Pediatric Trauma Scoring Tools That Incorporate Neurological Status for Trauma Team Activation. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2023 Jul 1;39(7):501-506. PubMed PMID: 37276058
• Reppucci ML, Cooper E, Nolan MM, Lyttle BD, Gallagher LT, Jujare S, Stevens J, Moulton SL, Bensard DD, Acker SN. Use of prehospital reverse shock index times Glasgow Coma Scale to identify children who require the most immediate trauma care. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2023 Sep 1;95(3):347-353. PubMed PMID: 36899455
• Harrell KN, Grimes AD, Gill H, Reynolds JK, Ueland WR, Sciarretta JD, Todd SR, Trust MD, Ngoue M, Thomas BW, Ayuso SA, LaRiccia A, Spalding MC, Collins MJ, Collier BR, Karam BS, de Moya MA, Lieser MJ, Chipko JM, Haan JM, Lightwine KL, Cullinane DC, Falank CR, Phillips RC, Kemp MT, Alam HB, Udekwu PO, Sanin GD, Hildreth AN, Biffl WL, Schaffer KB, Marshall G, Muttalib O, Nahmias J, Shahi N, Moulton SL, Maxwell RA. Risk factors for recurrence in blunt traumatic abdominal wall hernias: A secondary analysis of a Western Trauma association multicenter study. Am J Surg. 2023 Jun;225(6):1069-1073. PubMed PMID: 36509587
• Reppucci ML, Stevens J, Cooper E, Nolan MM, Jujare S, Acker SN, Moulton SL, Bensard DD. Use of reverse shock index times Glasgow coma scale (rSIG) to determine need for transfer of pediatric trauma patients to higher levels of care. J Pediatr Surg. 2023 Feb;58(2):320-324. PubMed PMID: 36400606
• Nolan MM, Reppucci ML, Urban A, Kierulf G, Fields T, Boulter T, Drelles A, Moulton SL. A Single Institution's Recent Experience With Pediatric Hand Burns. J Burn Care Res. 2023 Jul 5;44(4):955-962. PubMed PMID: 36394415
• Reppucci ML, Pickett K, Stevens J, Nolan MM, Moulton SL. Outcomes in Pediatric Trauma Patients Who Receive Blood Transfusion. J Surg Res. 2023 Feb;282:232-238. PubMed PMID: 36327705
• Stevens J, Pickett K, Reppucci ML, Nolan M, Moulton SL. National trends in pediatric firearm and automobile fatalities. J Pediatr Surg. 2023 Jan;58(1):130-135. PubMed PMID: 36307297
• Stevens J, Reppucci ML, Mironuck T, Nolan MM, Choi YM, Moulton SL. A precision-designed gastrostomy button securement device. J Pediatr Surg. 2023 Jan;58(1):76-81. PubMed PMID: 36283851
• Reppucci ML, Tong S, Simon SL, Nolan MM, Jujare S, Moulton SL, Kaar JL. Factors associated with new mental health diagnoses and resource utilization among pediatric patients following trauma admission. J Pediatr Surg. 2023 Jan;58(1):118-124. PubMed PMID: 36273919

Professional Memberships

• American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), Member
• American Pediatric Surgical Association, Member
• American College of Surgeons (ACS), Member
• American Association for the Surgery of Trauma, Member
• Western Trauma Association, Member
• American Burn Association, Member
• North American Burn Society, Member
• Western Pediatric Trauma Conference, Founding Member

Practice Locations

• Children's Hospital Colorado
• University of Colorado Hospital
• Kaiser
• Denver Health Medical Center

Specialty Information

• Pediatric Surgery, Board Certification
• Surgery, Board Certification

• Surgery
• Surgery - Burn Surgery
• Surgery - Trauma and Acute Care