Max Mitchell, MD

Professional Titles

• Director of the Mechanical Circulatory Support Program
• Co-Director, Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Program

Recognitions

• American's Top Doctors, Castle Connelly (2009)
  
• Listed in the "Guide to America's Top Surgeons", Consumer's Research Council of America (2009)
  
• Health Policy Scholarship Recipient, American College of Surgeons and Society of Thoracic Surgeons (2007)
  
• Top Doctors List (Thoracic Surgery), Castle Connolly (2007)
  
• Top Doctor in Denver, 5280 Magazine (2012)
  Voted a 5280 best doctor by my peers in response to the question, "Which physician would you trust to treat you and your family?"

Research Interests

My research focuses on myocardial preservation and endothelial cell function. I am currently conducting clinical projects studying outcomes following a variety of congenital cardiac surgical conditions. In addition, I have ongoing studies examining biologic differences between normal and pathologic heart valves in pediatric patients.

Publications

• 55. Cavanaugh JL, Miyamoto SD, Da Cruz E, Pietra BA, Campbell DN, Mitchell MB, Peyton CE, Darst JR. Predicting recovery: Successful explant of a ventricular assist device in a child with dilated cardiomyopathy. J Heart Lung Transplant 2010;29:105-08.
• 56. Tissot C, Buchholz H, Mitchell MB, Da Cruz E, Miyamoto SD, Pietra BA, Charpentier A, Ghez O. First pediatric transatlantic air ambulance transportation on a Berlin Heart EXCOR left ventricular assist device as a bridge to transplantation. Ped Crit Care Med 2010;11(2):e24-5
• 57. Karamichalis JM, Miyamoto SD, Campbell DN, Smith J, Clark S, Pietra B, Mitchell MB. Pediatric cardiac re-transplant: Differing patterns of primary graft failure by age at first transplant. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2011;141:223-30
• 19. Mitchell MB, Goldberg S. Supravalvar aortic stenosis in infants. Sem Thorac Cardiovasc Surg: Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Annual 2011;14:85-91
• Pediatric cardiac re-transplant: Differing patterns of primary graft failure by age at first transplant.
• Initial design and evaluation of a pediatric intra-cardiac camera system for ventricular septal defects.
• Assessment of the relationship between Contegra size and early valvar insufficiency.
• Supravalvar aortic stenosis in infants. Sem Thorac Cardiovasc Surg: Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Annual 2011;14:85-91
• Left Ventricular Outflow Tract - Supravalvar aortic stenosis. Operative Techniques in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery: A comparative Atlas.
• Rentschler ME, Hart KD, Mitchell MB. Initial design and evaluation of a pediatric intra-cardiac camera system for ventricular septal defects. AMSE J Med Devices 2012:6:011001-1 to 011001-9
• Gist KM, Mitchell MB, Jaggers J, Campbell DN, Yu JA, Landeck BF. Assessment of the relationship between Contegra size and early valvar insufficiency. Ann Thorac Surg 2012; 93: 856-61
• Stoica S, Carpenter E, Campbell D, Mitchell M, da Cruz E, Ivy D, Lacour-Gayet F. Morbididty of the arterial switch operation. Ann Thorac Surg 2012;93:1977-83.
• Auerbach SR, Smith JK, Mitchell MB, Campbell DN, Jaggers J, Pietra BA, Miyamoto SD. Graft survival is better without prior surgery in cardiac transplantation for functionally univentricular hearts. J Heart Lung Transplant 2012; 31: 987-95
• Holst JA, Campbell DN, Jaggers J, Mitchell MB. Posterior pulmonary artery bifurcation side to side arterioplasty for branch pulmonary artery stenosis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2012; 144:1257-9
• Extended survival and re-hospitalization among paediatric patients requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for primary cardiac dysfunction. Erwin N, Zuk J, Kaufman J, Pan Z, Carpenter E, Mitchell MB, da Cruz EM. Cardiol Young 2012; 14:1-7
• Almond C, Morales D, Blackstone E, Turrentine M, Michiaki I, Massicotte MP, Jordan L, Devaney E, Ravishankar C, Kanter K, Holman W, Kroslowitz R, Tjossem C, Thuita L, Cohen G, Buchholz H, St. Louis J, Nguyen K, Niebler R, Walters H, Reemsten B, Wearden P, Reinhartz O, Guleserian K, Mitchell M, Bleiweis M, Canter C, Tilman H. The Berlin Heart EXCOR® pediatric ventricular assist device for bridge to heart transplantation among children in the United States. Circulation, 2013 in press
• Kaza AK, Mitchell MB. Transplantation and Organ Procurement. Trauma, 7th Edition. Moore EE, Feliciano DV, Mattox KL, eds. McGraw-Hill
• Karamichalis JM, Darst JR, Mitchell MB, Clarke DR. Isolated right ventricular outflow tract obstruction. Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, 4th Edition. Mavroudis C, Backer CL, eds. John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
• Hawkins SM, Taylor AL, Sillau SH, Mitchell MB, Rausch CM. Restrictive lung function in pediatric patients with structural congenital heart disease. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2013 Sep 20. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 24060364
• Almond CS, Morales DL, Blackstone EH, Turrentine MW, Imamura M, Massicotte MP, Jordan LC, Devaney EJ, Ravishankar C, Kanter KR, Holman W, Kroslowitz R, Tjossem C, Thuita L, Cohen GA, Buchholz H, St Louis JD, Nguyen K, Niebler RA, Walters HL 3rd, Reemtsen B, Wearden PD, Reinhartz O, Guleserian KJ, Mitchell MB, Bleiweis MS, Canter CE, Humpl T. Berlin Heart EXCOR pediatric ventricular assist device for bridge to heart transplantation in US children. Circulation. 2013 Apr 23;127(16):1702-11. PubMed PMID: 23538380
• Erwin N, Zuk J, Kaufman J, Pan Z, Carpenter E, Mitchell MB, da Cruz EM. Extended survival and re-hospitalisation among paediatric patients requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for primary cardiac dysfunction. Cardiol Young. 2013;23(2):258-64. PubMed PMID: 22694830
• Siomos AK, Mitchell MB, Fonseca BM. Successful surgical repair of a massive window duct in a 1-month old with aniridia and pulmonary interstitial glycogenosis. Cardiol Young. 2015 Mar;25(3):594-6. PubMed PMID: 24848376
• Hawkins SMM, Taylor AL, Sillau SH, Mitchell MB, Rausch C. Restrictive lung function in pediatric patients with structural congenital heart disease. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2014; 148:207-11 (PMID 24060364)
• Deng XS, Meng X, Zeng Q, Fullerton D, Mitchell M, Jaggers J. Adult aortic valve interstitial cells have greater responses to toll-like receptor 4 stimulation. Ann Thorac Surg. 2015 Jan;99(1):62-71. PubMed PMID: 25442996
• Gist KM, Schuchardt EL, Moroze MK, Kaufman J, da Cruz E, Campbell DN, Mitchell MB, Jaggers J, Collins KK, McCanta AC. Tachyarrhythmia following Norwood Operation: A Single-Center Experience. W J Ped Cong Heart Surg 2014;5:206-10 (PMID 24668965)
• Peng E, Campbell DN, Jaggers J, Mitchell MB. Three-Sinus Repair of Elastin Arteriopathy Associated Supravalvar Pulmonary Stenosis With Bilateral Branch Pulmonary Artery Involvement. Ann Thorac Surg. 2015 Aug;100(2):741-3. PubMed PMID: 26234860
• Gien J, Ing RJ, Twite MD, Campbell D, Mitchell MB, Kinsella JP. Successful surgical management of airway perforation in preterm infants. J Ped Surg Case Rep 2014:2:47-51 (PMID 24791225)
• Simios AK, Mitchell MB, Fonseca BM. Successful surgical repair of a massive window duct in a 1-month old with anirirdia and interstitial glycogenosis. Cardiol Young 2014 2014 May 22:1-3 (PMID 24848376)
• Burkett DA, Wilson N, Mitchell MB, Younaszai AK. Acute ischemic heart block in hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Cardiol Young, in press.
• Peng E, Campbell DN, Jaggers J, Mitchell MB. Surgical outcomes after repair of supravalvar pulmonary stenosis associated with elastin arteriopathy. Congenital Heart Surgeons Society. Chicago, IL. Oct 19, 2014.
• Stidham TR, Auerbach SR, Mitchell MB, Buckvold SM. Respiratory Failure in a Pediatric Patient with Biventricular Assist Devices: Identification and Novel Management of Inflow Cannula Obstruction. ASAIO J. 2015 Jul-Aug;61(4):e26-8. PubMed PMID: 26039554
• Mitchell MB. Pulmonary venous obstruction in the single ventricle patient: possible causes, possible solutions. Kotani, et al. Invited commentary to Anatomical risk factors surgical treatment and clinical outcomes of Left-sided Pulmonary Vein Obstruction in Single Ventricle Patients. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, in press.
• Mauchley DC, Mitchell MB. Transplantation in the Fontan patient. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Pediatr Card Surg Annu. 2015;18(1):7-16. PubMed PMID: 25939837
• Mitchell MB. Pulmonary venous obstruction in the single ventricle patient: Possible causes, possible solutions. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2015 May;149(5):1245-6. PubMed PMID: 25680748
• Mitchell MB. Pulmonary valve replacement for congenital heart disease: What valve substitute should we be using?. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2016 Nov;152(5):1230-1232. PubMed PMID: 27637425
• Auerbach SR, Richmond ME, Schumacher KR, Lopez-Colon D, Mitchell MB, Turrentine MW, Cantor RS, Niebler RA, Eghtesady P. Infectious complications of ventricular assist device use in children in the United States: Data from the Pediatric Interagency Registry for Mechanical Circulatory Support (Pedimacs). J Heart Lung Transplant. 2018 Jan;37(1):46-53. PubMed PMID: 29107545
• Cuneo BF, Mitchell MB, Marwan AI, Green M, von Alvensleben JC, Reynolds R, Crombleholme TM, Galan HL. Ex utero Intrapartum Treatment to Ventricular Pacing: A Novel Delivery Strategy for Complete Atrioventricular Block with Severe Bradycardia. Fetal Diagn Ther. 2017;42(4):311-314. PubMed PMID: 28578350
• Reeves JG, Montesa C, Fonseca B, Mitchell MB. Aortic Translocation for Repair of Transposition of the Great Arteries (S,D,L) With Ventricular Septal Defect and Pulmonic Stenosis. Ann Thorac Surg. 2016 Jan;101(1):357-9. PubMed PMID: 26694279
• Endothelin-1 activation in pediartric patients undergoing surgical coarctation of the aorta repair. World J Cardiol 2017;9:822-29.
• Burkett DA, Wilson N, Mitchell MB, Younoszai AK. Acute ischaemic heart block in hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Cardiol Young. 2016 Jan;26(1):151-4. PubMed PMID: 25531744
• Schäfer M, Frank BS, Ivy DD, Wilson N, Morgan GJ, Barker AJ, Browne LP, Mitchell MB, Truong U. Close look at the Potts shunt flow hemodynamics in a patient with severe pulmonary hypertension: 4D-flow MRI evaluation. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2018 Nov 19. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 30451346
• Kopelovich JC, Wine TM, Rutter MJ, Mitchell MB, Prager JD. Secondary Reverse Slide Tracheoplasty for Airway Rescue. Ann Thorac Surg. 2016 Mar;101(3):1205-7. PubMed PMID: 26897214
• Cassidy C, Mitchell MB, Jone PN. Three-dimensional echocardiographic evaluation of Ebstein's anomaly of the tricuspid valve in a patient with hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Cardiol Young. 2018 Jun;28(6):885-887. PubMed PMID: 29679990
• Schäfer M, Morgan GJ, Mitchell MB, Ross M, Barker AJ, Hunter KS, Fonseca B, DiMaria M, Vargas D, Ivy DD, Wilson N, Browne LP. Impact of different coarctation therapies on aortic stiffness: phase-contrast MRI study. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2018 Sep;34(9):1459-1469. PubMed PMID: 29667078
• Schäfer M, Browne LP, Truong U, Jaggers JJ, Mitchell MB, Malone L, Morgan G, Chatfield K, McLennan D, Turbendian H, Vargas D, Fonseca B, DiMaria M, Shah A, Ivy MP, Barker AJ, Hunter KS, Wilson N, Ivy DD, Campbell DN. Aortic stiffness in adolescent Turner and Marfan syndrome patients. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2018 Nov 1;54(5):926-932. PubMed PMID: 29684119
• Schäfer M, Browne LP, Morgan GJ, Barker AJ, Fonseca B, Ivy DD, Mitchell MB. Reduced proximal aortic compliance and elevated wall shear stress after early repair of tetralogy of Fallot. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2018 Dec;156(6):2239-2249. PubMed PMID: 30449579
• Schäfer M, Younoszai A, Truong U, Browne LP, Mitchell MB, Jaggers J, Campbell DN, Hunter KS, Ivy DD, Di Maria MV. Influence of aortic stiffness on ventricular function in patients with Fontan circulation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2019 Feb;157(2):699-707. PubMed PMID: 30396734
• Frank BS, Urban TT, Lewis K, Tong S, Cassidy C, Mitchell MB, Nichols CS, Davidson JA. Circulating biomarkers of left ventricular hypertrophy in pediatric coarctation of the aorta. Congenit Heart Dis. 2019 Jan 16. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 30650250
• Zablah JE, Ross M, Wilson N, Fonseca B, Mitchell MB. Kawashima by Fenestrated Hemi-Fontan for Palliation Following Prior Stage I Norwood Operation. World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg. 2018 Jul;9(4):451-453. PubMed PMID: 29945505
• Frank B, Schäfer M, Douwes JM, Ivy DD, Abman SH, Davidson JA, Burzlaff S, Mitchell MB, Morgan GJ, Browne L, Barker AJ, Truong U, Von Alvensleben JC. Novel Measures of Left Ventricular Electromechanical Discoordination Predict Clinical Outcomes in Children with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2019 Dec 20. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 31858817
• Turbendian HK, Mesher A, Mitchell MB. Supraclavicular Translocation of Aberrant Left Subclavian Artery for Vascular Ring Division and Resection of Kommerell's Diverticulum. World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg. 2020 Jan;11(1):108-109. PubMed PMID: 31835976
• Nakano SJ, Walker JS, Walker LA, Li X, Du Y, Miyamoto SD, Sucharov CC, Garcia AM, Mitchell MB, Ambardekar AV, Stauffer BL. Increased myocyte calcium sensitivity in end-stage pediatric dilated cardiomyopathy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2019 Dec 1;317(6):H1221-H1230. PubMed PMID: 31625780
• Schäfer M, Barker AJ, Jaggers J, Morgan GJ, Stone ML, Truong U, Browne LP, Malone L, Ivy DD, Mitchell MB. Abnormal aortic flow conduction is associated with increased viscous energy loss in patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2019 Sep 18. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 31535124
• Mitchell MB. The Fontan Procedure at Altitude: Fenestrate or Not?. World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg. 2019 Sep;10(5):597-598. PubMed PMID: 31496397
• Chatfield KC, Sparagna GC, Chau S, Phillips EK, Ambardekar AV, Aftab M, Mitchell MB, Sucharov CC, Miyamoto SD, Stauffer BL. Elamipretide Improves Mitochondrial Function in the Failing Human Heart. JACC Basic Transl Sci. 2019 Apr;4(2):147-157. PubMed PMID: 31061916
• McLennan D, Schäfer M, Mitchell MB, Morgan GJ, Ivy D, Barker AJ, Jacobsen R. Usefulness of 4D-Flow MRI in Mapping Flow Distribution Through Failing Fontan Circulation Prior to Cardiac Intervention. Pediatr Cardiol. 2019 Jun;40(5):1093-1096. PubMed PMID: 30982076
• Lueth ET, Gist KM, Burkett DA, Landeck BF, Brinton JT, Meier MR, Coffin JM, Schafer M, Jaggers J, Mitchell MB. Retrospective Comparison of the Supported and Unsupported Bovine Jugular Vein Conduit in Children. Ann Thorac Surg. 2019 Aug;108(2):567-573. PubMed PMID: 30974093
• Schäfer M, Browne LP, von Alvensleben JC, Mitchell MB, Morgan GJ, Ivy DD, Jaggers J. Ventricular interactions and electromechanical dyssynchrony after Ross and Ross-Konno operations. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2019 Aug;158(2):509-517. PubMed PMID: 30928217
• Schäfer M, DiMaria MV, Jaggers J, Mitchell MB. Suboptimal neoaortic arch geometry correlates with inefficient flow patterns in hypoplastic left heart syndrome. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2019 Sep;158(3):e113-e116. PubMed PMID: 30926198
• Stone ML, Schäfer M, von Alvensleben JC, Browne LP, Di Maria M, Campbell DN, Jaggers J, Mitchell MB. Increased Aortic Stiffness and Left Ventricular Dysfunction Exist After Truncus Arteriosus Repair. Ann Thorac Surg. 2020 Dec 8. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 33307069
• Venardos N, Browne LP, Fujiwara T, Mitchell MB. Type B Aortic Dissection Complicating Stage 1 Norwood Procedure. World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg. 2020 Nov;11(6):805-807. PubMed PMID: 33164691
• Schäfer M, Ivy DD, Abman SH, Stenmark K, Browne LP, Barker AJ, Mitchell MB, Morgan GJ, Wilson N, Shah A, Kollengode M, Naresh N, Fonseca B, DiMaria M, Buckner JK, Hunter KS, Kheyfets V, Fenster BE, Truong U. Differences in pulmonary arterial flow hemodynamics between children and adults with pulmonary arterial hypertension as assessed by 4D-flow CMR studies. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2019 May 1;316(5):H1091-H1104. PubMed PMID: 30822118
• Frank BS, Khailova L, Silveira L, Mitchell MB, Morgan GJ, Hsieh EWY, DiMaria MV, Twite M, Klawitter J, Davidson JA. Proteomic profiling identifies key differences between inter-stage infants with single ventricle heart disease and healthy controls. Transl Res. 2020 Oct 9. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 33045409
• Frank BS, Urban TT, Tong S, Cassidy C, Mitchell MB, Davidson JA. Circulating Biomarkers of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Pediatric Coarctation of the Aorta. Cong Heart Dis. 2019;14: 446-53. PMID: 30650250
• Rajab TK, Mitchell MB. Native Aortic Root Thrombosis after Norwood Palliation for Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome. Ann Thorac Surg. 2020 Sep 25. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 32987016
• Schafer M, Frank B, Ivy DD, Wilson N, Morgan J, Barker AJ, Browne LP, Mitchell MB, Truong U. Close look at the Potts shunt flow hemodynamics in a patient with severe pulmonary hypertension: 4D-Flow MRI evaluation. J Magn Reson Imag 2019;49:1800-02. PMID: 30451346
• Schäfer M, Frank BS, Jacobsen R, Rausch CM, Mitchell MB, Jaggers J, Stone ML, Morgan GJ, Browne LP, Barker AJ, Hunter KS, Ivy DD, Younoszai A, Di Maria MV. Patients with Fontan circulation have abnormal aortic wave propagation patterns: A wave intensity analysis study. Int J Cardiol. 2021 Jan 1;322:158-167. PubMed PMID: 32853667
• Schäfer M, Stone ML, Jaggers J, Browne LP, Mitchell MB. Commentary: In vortices veritas-quantitative approach. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2020 Jun 27. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 32768303
• Schäfer M, Younoszai A, Truong U, Browne LP, Mitchell MB, Jaggers JJ, Campbell DN, Hunter KS, Ivy DD, DiMaria M. Influence of aortic stiffness on ventricular function in patients with Fontan circulation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019 157;699-707. PMID: 30396734
• Schäfer M, Ivy DD, Barker AJ, Mitchell MB. Reply to Commentary: Can't flow down: More 4-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging studies are needed in congenital heart disease. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2020 Oct;160(4):1019-1020. PubMed PMID: 32739168
• Schäfer M, Bjornstad P, Frank BS, Baumgartner A, Truong U, Enge D, von Alvensleben JC, Mitchell MB, Ivy DD, Barker AJ, Reusch JEB, Nadeau KJ. Frequency of Reduced Left Ventricular Contractile Efficiency and Discoordinated Myocardial Relaxation in Patients Aged 16 to 21 Years With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (from the Emerald Study). Am J Cardiol. 2020 Aug 1;128:45-53. PubMed PMID: 32650923
• Schäfer M, Frank BS, Grady RM, Eghtesady P, Mitchell MB, Jaggers J, Ivy DD. Monitoring and evaluation of the surgical Potts shunt physiology using 4-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2021 Nov 16. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 34872760
• Hill MA, Mitchell MB, Rajab TK. Mitral Valve Anatomy in Patients with Native Aortic Root Thrombosis after Norwood Palliation. Ann Thorac Surg. 2021 Nov 1. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 34736928
• Stone ML, Schäfer M, DiMaria MV, von Alvensleben JC, Campbell DN, Jaggers J, Mitchell MB. Diastolic inflow is associated with inefficient ventricular flow dynamics in Fontan patients. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2021 Jul 17. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 34429192
• Wilkinson D, Lin Y, Everett M, Auerbach S, Morgan G, Mitchell MB. Coronary Artery Reimplantation and Berlin Heart EXCOR Rescue for Left Coronary Artery Atresia With Severe Ischemic Cardiomyopathy. World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg. 2021 Nov;12(6):793-795. PubMed PMID: 34264154
• Wojcik BM, Rajab TK, Newman S, Jaggers J, Mitchell MB. COVID-19 Testing, Surgical Prioritization, and Reactivation in a Congenital Cardiac Surgery Program. World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg. 2021 Jan;12(1):150-151. PubMed PMID: 33179577
• Frank BS, Khailova L, Silveira L, Mitchell MB, Morgan GJ, Hsieh EWY, DiMaria MV, Twite M, Klawitter J, Davidson JA. Proteomic profiling identifies key differences between inter-stage infants with single ventricle heart disease and healthy controls. Transl Res. 2021 Mar;229:24-37. PubMed PMID: 33045409
• Schäfer M, Di Maria MV, Jaggers J, Stone ML, Ivy DD, Barker AJ, Mitchell MB. High-degree Norwood neoaortic tapering is associated with abnormal flow conduction and elevated flow-mediated energy loss. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2021 Dec;162(6):1791-1804. PubMed PMID: 33653609
• Darr OA, Stone ML, Mitchell MB, Meier J, Kelley P, Prager JD. Slide Tracheoplasty for Tracheal Cartilaginous Sleeve in a Patient With Apert Syndrome. Ann Thorac Surg. 2021 Dec;112(6):e419-e421. PubMed PMID: 33676902
• Schäfer M, Frank BS, Ivy DD, Abman SH, Stenmark KR, Mitchell MB, Browne LP, Barker AJ, Hunter KS, Kheyfets V, Miller-Reed K, Ing R, Morgan GJ, Truong U. Short-Term Effects of Inhaled Nitric Oxide on Right Ventricular Flow Hemodynamics by 4-Dimensional-Flow Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Children With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. J Am Heart Assoc. 2021 Apr 20;10(8):e020548. PubMed PMID: 33821682
• Oganesyan A, Hoffner-Heinike A, Barker AJ, Frank BS, Ivy DD, Hunter KS, Mitchell MB, Humphries SM, Fenster BE, Schäfer M. Abnormal pulmonary flow is associated with impaired right ventricular coupling in patients with COPD. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2021 Oct;37(10):3039-3048. PubMed PMID: 34021434
• Hill MA, Mitchell MB, Rajab TK. Mitral valve anatomy in patients with native aortic root thrombosis after Norwood palliation. Ann Thorac Surg 2022;114:1089-90. doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2021.09.053.
• Schäfer M, Stone ML, Jaggers J, Browne LP, Mitchell MB. Commentary: In vortices veritas-quantitative approach. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2022; 163:964-66.doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.05.112.
• Frank BS, Khailova L, Silveira L, Mitchell MB, Morgan GJ, DiMaria MV, Davidson JA. Increased circulating Endothelin 1 is associated with postoperative hypoxemia in infants with single ventricle heart disease undergoing superior cavopulmonary anastomosis. J Am Heart Assoc 2022. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.121.024007.
• Schafer M, Frank BS, Ivy DD, Mitchell MB, Collins KK, Jone PN, von Alvensleben JC. Repolarization dispersion is associated with diastolic electromechanical discoordination in children with pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; doi: 10.1161/JAHA.121.024787 (PMID 35229614)
• Eldeiry M, Miyamoto S, Chatfield K, Reece TB, Mitchell MB. Frozen elephant trunk aortic reconstruction in a patient with Loeys-Dietz syndrome. JTCVS Tech. 2022 Dec;16:8-10. PubMed PMID: 36510543
• Schafer M, Frank BS, Grady RM, Eghtesady P, Mitchell, MB, Jaggers J, Ivy DD. Monitoring and evaluation of the surgical Potts shunt physiology using 4-dimmensional flow magnetic resonance imaging. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2022;164:331-41. (PMID: 34872760)
• Stone ML, Schafer M, DiMaria MV, von Albensleben JC, Campbell DN, Jaggers J, Mitchell, MB. Diastolic inflow is associated with inefficient ventricular flow dynamics in Fontan Patients. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2022; 163: 1195-1207.
• Stone ML, Schäfer M, von Alvensleben JC, Frank BS, Campbell DN, Mitchell MB, Jaggers J. Left Ventricular Dysfunction Following the Ross-Konno Reconstruction is Independent of the Operation. Pediatr Cardiol. 2022 Nov 12. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 36370189
• Malone LJ, Browne LP, Morgan GJ, Lovell MA, Campbell DN, Jaggers JJ, Leahy RA, Mitchell MB, Mong DA, Weinman JP, Zablah JE, Stone ML. Computed Tomographic Angiography Provides Reliable Coronary Artery Evaluation in Infants With Pulmonary Atresia Intact Ventricular Septum. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2022 Oct 14. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 36244628
• Schäfer M, Di Maria MV, Stone ML, Jaggers J, Mitchell MB. Reply from authors: The unbearable weight of shape and flow quality. JTCVS Open. 2022 Jun;10:352-353. PubMed PMID: 36004238
• McLennan D, Schäfer M, Barker AJ, Mitchell MB, Ing RJ, Browne LP, Ivy DD, Morgan GJ. Abnormal flow conduction through pulmonary arteries is associated with right ventricular volume and function in patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot: does flow quality affect afterload?. Eur Radiol. 2023 Jan;33(1):302-311. PubMed PMID: 35852579
• Thomson LM, Mancuso CA, Wolfe KR, Khailova L, Niemiec S, Ali E, DiMaria M, Mitchell M, Twite M, Morgan G, Frank BS, Davidson JA. The proteomic fingerprint in infants with single ventricle heart disease in the interstage period: evidence of chronic inflammation and widespread activation of biological networks. Front Pediatr. 2023;11:1308700. PubMed PMID: 38143535
• Iguidbashian J, Malone LJ, Browne LP, Nguyen M, Frank B, Schafer M, Campbell DN, Mitchell MB, Jaggers J, Stone ML. Regional Arch Measurements Differ Between Imaging Modalities in Infants With Aortic Coarctation. Ann Thorac Surg. 2023 Dec 10. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 38072352
• Frank BS, Nandy D, Khailova L, Mitchell MB, Morgan GJ, Twite M, DiMaria MV, Davidson JA. Circulating biomarkers of extracellular matrix dysregulation are associated with adverse post-stage 2 outcomes in infants with single ventricle heart disease. Sci Rep. 2023 Sep 28;13(1):16318. PubMed PMID: 37770592
• Schäfer M, Mitchell MB, Brateng C, Ivy DD, Hunter KS, Nash DB, von Alvensleben JC. Extraction and Digitization of ECG Signals from Standard Clinical Portable Document Format Files for the Principal Component Analysis of T-wave Morphology. Cardiovasc Eng Technol. 2023 Oct;14(5):631-639. PubMed PMID: 37491551
• Schäfer M, Mitchell MB, Frank BS, Barker AJ, Stone ML, Jaggers J, von Alvensleben JC, Hunter KS, Friesen RM, Ivy DD, Jacobsen R, Di Maria MV. Myocardial strain-curve deformation patterns after Fontan operation. Sci Rep. 2023 Jul 24;13(1):11912. PubMed PMID: 37488167
• McLennan D, Schafer M, Barker AJ, Mitchell MB, Ing RJ, Browne LP, Ivy DD, Morgan GJ. Abnormal flow conduction through pulmonary arteries is associated with right ventricular volume and function in patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot: does flow quality affect afterload? Eur Radiol 2023;33:302-311. (PMID 35852579)
• Stone ML, Schäfer M, von Alvensleben JC, Frank BS, Campbell DN, Mitchell MB, Jaggers J. Left ventricular dysfunction following the Ross-Konno reconstruction is independent of the operation. Pediatr Cardiol. 2023;44:463-471. (PMID: 36370189)
• Romanowicz J, Niemiec S, Khailova L, Lehmann T, Mancuso CA, Mitchell MB, Morgan GJ, Twite M, DiMaria MV, Klawitter J, Davidson JA, Frank BS. Perturbations of tryptophan catabolism via the kynurenine pathway are associated with stage 2 postoperative outcomes in single ventricle heart disease. Physiol Rep. 2024 Nov;12(22):e70133. PubMed PMID: 39581847
• Schäfer M, Di Maria MV, Stone ML, Barker AJ, Carmody KK, Reece TB, Ivy DD, Jaggers J, Mitchell MB. Principal component analysis identified neo-aortic diameter variations post Norwood surgery associated with the single ventricle performance and flow quality. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2024 Dec;40(12):2603-2616. PubMed PMID: 39509019
• Downs EA, Schäfer M, Everitt MD, Aubrey M, Mitchell M, Jaggers J, Campbell D, Stone ML. Inclusive ABO-Incompatible Listing for Pediatric Heart Transplantation Results in Comparable Post-Transplant Rejection-Free Survival in a Single-Center Series. Pediatr Cardiol. 2024 Aug 8. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 39115706
• Schäfer M, Miyamoto SD, Jaggers J, Everitt MD, von Alvensleben JC, Campbell DN, Mitchell MB, Stone ML. Non-invasive myocardial tissue deformation and discoordination indices predict cardiac allograft vasculopathy in pediatric heart transplantation patients. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2024 Jul;40(7):1565-1574. PubMed PMID: 38780709

Professional Memberships

• American College of Surgeons (ACS), Fellow
• Western Thoracic Surgical Association, Member
• Society of Thoracic Surgeons, Member
• European Association for Cardiothoracic Surgery, Member
• International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation, Member
• Rocky Mountain Thoracic and Cardiac Surgical Society, Member
• Denver Academy of Surgery, Member
• Congenital Heart Surgeons Society, Member
• American Association for Thoracic Surgery, Member

Practice Locations

Children's Hospital Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
13123 East 16th Ave
Aurora, CO 80045
720-777-1234

Children's Hospital Colorado - Colorado Springs
4090 Briargate Pkwy
Colorado Springs, CO 80920
719-305-1234

Hospital Affiliation

• Children's Hospital Colorado
• University of Colorado Hospital

Specialty Information

Specialties

• Surgery, Board Certification (1996, 2004)
• Thoracic and Cardiac, Board Certification (1999, 2007)
• Subspecialty Certification in Congenital Heart Surgery, Board Certification (2009)

Conditions & Treatments

• Heart and Circulation - Congenital Heart Disease
• Heart and Circulation - Heart Valve Diseases
• Surgery - Adult Cardiac Surgery
• Surgery - Cardiothoracic Surgery
• Surgery - Heart Transplant Surgery
• Surgery - Open Heart Surgery
• Surgery - Transplant Surgery
• Surgery - Cardiothoracic - Congenital Cardiac Surgery
• Heart and Circulation - Adult Congenital Heart Disease
• Heart and Circulation
• Surgery